مجله پژوهش های جامعه شناختی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1389)

Political culture is part of social culture which includes attitudes, beliefs, feeling and values. Iranian political culture has rooted in patriarchal structure in which some traits as absolute authority, pure obedience, holiness of government are appeared. Some consequences of this structure are as follow: distrust, lawbreaking and dogmatism. To achieve a fair judgment about Iranian political culture, student’s attitude was studied. In this research, some factors which includes political anomy versus commitment to law, open political structure versus close structure, trust in the political arena versus distrust, political integration versus alienation, belief to combine religion with politic versus Secularism that is measured their relationship with attitude of respondent about political culture. This survey was done among students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran - in 2009 and the sample was 330 people. The results of this survey show that there are significance relationships between independent variable like political anomy,close structure, distrust and alienation, and dependent variables as negative attitude toward political culture. Multi variable analysis showed that more than 50% of the variance of dependent variable is explained by five factors of independent variables.

The main purpose of this article is to study and analyze the styles by which Iranian families socialize their children. Relationships between parents and their children have been dramatically changed in new era. These relationships within Iranian families have been altered following changes in other cultural, social, and economic areas. Parents and children are experiencing new styles of socialization in families. Authoritarian relationships are replacing gradually by democratic and filocentrist ones. In this article, the concept and different styles of socialization are described firstly. Then socialization theories are examined in the framework of three approaches of functionalism, symbolic interaction, and modern synthetic theories. The next section will review domestic and foreign studies onstyles of children`s socialization in families. Finally, an analysis of socialization styles used in Iranian families is provided.

This research has been done to study educational quality among employed and unemployed students in AllamehTabatabaei university, and its purpose is the comparison of educational quality (like; average of last 3 term, number of failed units, scale of educational prolongation, domination on course topics, and motivation to study) between employed and unemployed students of colleges in this university. Statistic populations of research include 13728 students of AllamehTabatabaei university set in Tehran, that study in this university at 2nd term in 2008-9. In this research was used Quota – judgmental sampling, and was accounted 374 individuals based on Cochran's frame for sample volume (187employed students, and 187unemployed students). Method of research was Survey, and collecting data has been done by made questionnaire. Finally, data has been analyzed with SPSS statistic software, than it was denoted by simple linear regression»occupation«could express. 570 of employed student's variance of average, and sub results earned for this research: Decrease average of employed students is more than unemployed students. There wasnt meaningful variance between employed and unemployed students about their number of failed units. Undergraduate, educational prolongation of employed students is more than unemployed students. There wasnt meaningful variance between postgraduate employed and unemployed students about their scale of educational prolongation. Domination oncourse topics of employed students are more than unemployed students. Motivation to study of employed students is more than unemployed students.

This is a sociological survey on impact ofcouples’ socio-economic status on family’s pyramid of power through matrimony life (a case study of employees of Azad University,Tehran). It was trying to answer this main question that whether pyramid of power in the family is influenced by socio-economic status of the couples? The survey method has been chosen and the data has been collected by questionnaires. The research population insists of 311 married employee female of Islamic Azad University who has been selected by Cochran`s formula by random multistage cluster sampling method. Theoretical frame work is on the basis of combining micro and macro theories (Collins& Sources) and on reliance on them, the socio-economic status out of other influencing factors on the family’s pyramid of power has been examined. Finally, the total results are as follow that as known pyramid of power was vertical in the past that means father was on top of it and dominated all other family members. However, this is less important in accordance to the higher status of women in family concerning their education, income and occupation. On the basis of existing thoughts and accordance to sociologist theories, the more one’s socio-economic sources are, the more powerful pyramid is. These sources include education, occupation and income. This research revealed that men, who were less powerful in the family, had a lower socio-economic status since they had low income, education and job. The same is true about women. The studies show that the more the socio-economic status of man results the less powerful woman. In other words, the socio-economic status of man makes him more powerful.

The basic subject of this research is surveying sociological relation between modernity and mate selection among Tehran women (a comparison between districts1and 11in 1388, the aim is surveying the level of modernity and its impact on mate selection. Theoretical frame work of the study is structural functionalism. Field study in region 1and11 of Tehran was done by using questionnaire Technique. The volume of sample in this survey was 285 the universe included women aged 15and upper in Tehran. The results of this survey show that there is meaningful relation between modernity and mate selection, and results of measurement related to researchs theories show that if the level of modernity goes up, then people prefer more modern marriage. Results show that the level of modernity influence the rule of human mediators. Other hand, The findings of the research ultimate the emergence of individuality in the process of mate selection.

Today the concept of modernity is regarded as a dominant trend in the sociology of development. This concept has been studied from psychological, social, political and economic perspectives in the literature of sociology of development. From social- psychological perspectives, modernity refers to the phenomenon in which people acquire the characteristics of modern human and gains the abilities of change, innovation and conscious participation in social activities. Experts in modernism emphasize the growth of criteria such as literacy, media, social participation, rationalism, universalism sympathy, trust, and logic. In addition, during the last decade, social capital has attracted social scientists’ attention and they have emphasized the role of social capital in social development. The main goal of this study has been the explanation of the parameters of social capital in terms of thinkers of modernity school. Investigating the literature of modernity shows the importance of key terms of social capital, such as social integration, social trust, social participation, literacy and social awareness on individual `s growth as well as social developments. In fact, thought of modernity has played an important role in the creation of basic concepts of social capital and has regarded its elements as the main fulcrum of economic, political, cultural and social developments.

Although the process of socialization has been embossed in Europe and America, but it is true for all human societies. In fact, the people live in different cultures and there are delicate differences in the methods of forming youth`s behavior in different cultures. Socialization of individuals has a key role in performing future social values, norms and roles even the type and quality of fundamental values in the future also follow the values which exist in the society at the present and by which the individuals socialize. Mostly the sportive socialization studies concentrate on two subjects: Socialization in sport which investigates the effective factors on the sportive participation of individuals and socialization by sport which examines the effects of participation in sport on the individuals. In this research which is the latter one, researchers` object is the comparison of the socialization in the level of family, peer groups and national society for athlete and non athlete students. To achieve this goal, socialization has been measured by questionnaires from the aspects of internalization of values, role playing, discipline and order, independency, devotion to society, abilities of social communication, identity and feeling. The research society was 93641 of junior high school students of the public schools of Mashhad city in Iran. A sample of 314 students was chosen by Cochran`s formula to answer the questionnaires. The athlete group in this research includes all students which practiced sport in the form of recreational, championship or only the physical education and the non athlete group were the students which had no sportive activities. At the end of this research it was concluded that there is a meaningful difference between the socialization of athlete and non athlete students in three level of family, peer groups and national society as if athlete students were more socialized in three levels from non athlete students.

The social interactions are basic elements of all societies. Fair and optimum social relations are the most important element of social capital. The sociological theories emphasize on the mutual relation between society and family. Human beings develop a special behavior according to their social situations in the social relations.Some capital exchanges in every relation In other words, different human capitals such as social, cultural and economic capitals will determinate the types of social relations within family and society. Considering the social relations governing many of human societies, contravention of children`s rights is an important part of severe difficulties facing many countries in the world specially the developing ones such as Iran. Children`s rights have been challenged not only in Iran but also in other parts of the world. This research has been done based on this fact and by conducting a survey of people’s point of view and the level of their awareness regarding the children`s rights and existing rules, in order to find out the reasons for contravention of children’s rights in Iran. The statistical population of this survey concluded people above 18 years old who have been living in this case in Tehran for more than five years. They have been chosen by “stratified” sampling method. The research methods are documentary and survey. Data collection instruments were questionnaires, interview and content analysis. The results show that people who are richer in terms of social, economic and cultural capital, have more awareness about children’s rights and are less likely to contravene these rights. Also, the results of discovering tests show that men are more likely to contravene children’s rights than women. The kind of attitude towardlegal institutions of defense and protectfrom children's rights show that respondents have little knowledge about them, and this problem increase more contravention of children`srights. The role of awareness in violation of the rights and viewpoints of people are very important due tosome misuse from children in different forms like the economic and social pressure, inattention to children, physical violence and psychological pressure and harassment. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the attitude toward legal institution of the children`s rights and the gender of respondents. The conclusion shows that women have more knowledge about these legal institutions than men. So if the relation between the members of family and also the relation between family and the other groups such as friends and acquaintances increase, the social capital will become more than before and at last, the increasing of social capital will cause to respect the children`s rights in society and family.