Theory of Approximation and Applications
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2011

Let E be the ellipse with major and minor radii a and b respectively, and P be its perimeter, then P = lim 4 tan(p/n)(a + b + 2) Σ a2 cos2 (2k-2)Pi/n+ sin2 (2k-2)Pi/n; where n = 2m. So without considering the limit, it gives a reasonable approxi- mation for P, it means that we can choose n large enough such that the amount of error be less than any given small number. On the other hand, the formula satis es both limit status b→a and b→0 which give respectively P = 2'a and P = 4a.

In this paper by using the notiαon of anti fuzzy points and its besideness to and non-quasi-coincidence with a fuzzy set the concepts of an anti fuzzy subalgebras in BM-algebras are generalized and their inter-relations and related properties are investigated.

The aim of this paper is a) if Σak2 < ∞ then Σak rk(x) is in BMO that {rk(x)} is Rademacher system. b) P1k=1 ak!nk (x) 2 BMO; 2k  nk < 2k+1 that f!n(x)g is Walsh system. c) If jakj < 1 k then P1k=1 ak!k(x) 2 BMO.

This paper is about concept maps and how they can assist in the learning of concepts of mathematics. First the paper presents the theoretical background and working de nitions for concept maps. Then this study examines the impact of using concept maps in learning of fractions. Results of this study indicated that using this strategy was e ective in learning of fractions for fourth-grade students. This result con rms the e ectiveness of the strategy of concept maps in teaching because it includes activities that link the concepts to help students understand new concepts and link them to previous ones.

Traditional DEA models deal with measurements of relative eciency of DMUs regarding multiple - inputs VS. multiple-outputs. One of the drawbacks of these model is the neglect of intermediate products or linkong activities. Af- ter pointing out needs for inclusion of them to DEA models. We propose hybrid model that can deal with intermediate products formally using this model we can evaluate divisional eciency of decision making units (DMU) and we show this model with an example.

During the last years, the concept of input congestion and technical ineff- ciency in data envelopment analysis (DEA), have been investigated by many researchers. The motivation of this paper is to present models which obtain the decreased output value due to input congestion and technical ineciency. More- over, we extend the models to estimate input congestion, technical ineciency and output reduction in fuzzy data envelopment analysis, by using the concept of α-cut sets.

omotopy analysis method (HAM) is a promising method for handling func- tional equations. Recent publications proved the e ectiveness of HAM in solving wide variety of problems in di erent elds. HAM has a unique property which makes it superior to other analytic methods, this property is its ability to con- trol the convergence region of the solution series. In this work, we clari ed the advantages and e ects of convergence-control parameter through an example.

In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via a semi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect the application of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele- graph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special cases so that demonstrate the validity of method.

Some algorithms for nding common xed point of a family of mappings is constructed. Indeed, let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space X whose norm is Gateaux di erentiable and let {Tn} be a family of self-mappings on C such that the set of all common fixed points of {Tn} is nonempty. We construct a sequence {xn} generated by the hybrid method and also we give the conditions of {Tn} under which {xn} converges strongly to a common xed point of {Tn}.