پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال چهارم شماره 8 (بهار 1390)

Man is naturally inclined towards perfection. He has an endless appetite for treading the path of perfection and spiritual progress. In line with this, one of man's most effective natural forces is the tendency to emulate and symbolize others and one of the sources to which one can turn for emulation is the lifestyle (seerah) and experience of the symbols of perfection. Women as humankind are also in search of a role model for themselves. Therefore, to know and introduce suitable models for proper education of this stratumof society is necessary and effective. The present article titled "the necessity of a role model for Muslim women" seeks to elaborate on this natural need and stress on the necessity of a role model. This study has been completed in the following manner with reliance on tafsir and hadith literature as well as books on educational sciences: First, a discussion has been made on man's accepting education and the importance of model-based method. Then, after explaining the foundations, functions and the principles of model-based method, the writer has studied the pathological aspect of this method and the presented strategy against it. Finally, after explaining the necessity for a role model, he has introduced some role models with reliance on the Quran and traditions. According to the writer, one of man's natural needs is the feeling to find and emulate a role model. Therefore, women constituting half of the population of society are in need of knowing proper role models so that they may benefit from them and meet their inner needs.

The present research is a criticism of feminism according to the Quranic verses and traditions of the infallibles. The research has been conducted in an analytical – descriptive way. All sources related to feminism and Islamic doctrines have been studied for accomplishment of the research. In this study, the classification, analysis, argumentation and conclusion have taken place in view of the nature of the data. The extent and sphere of research include the verses of the Quran, narrations of the infallibles, and views as well as thoughts of the feminists. The history of feminism, its formation and the three waves of feminism are some of the major discussions in this research. Meanwhile, the doctrines of feminism, theories and views of the advocates of feminism and also the criticism of these doctrines from the perspective of Islamic doctrines have also been examined. Considering the findings of this research, it can be said that thefoundations of feminism are basically incompatible with revelatory doctrines, verses and traditions. Despite extensive propagation by Western and European countries, this movement has failed to take any effective and concrete actions towards promoting of women's position and status in the world.

The religion of Islam has created mutual rights, liabilities and obligations for the couple to consolidate the basis of the family and to help it growand flourish. There is no doubt that the observance of these rights and obligations strengthens the relationship, brings about sincerity and prevents any chaos in the family. It is important to study the mutual rights and obligations from two perspectives: One, owing to the religious weakness of some people and also the influence of some intellectual, cultural and epistemological movements in the West especially the Feminist thinking, the family doctrines are losing ground and values as a result of which the couples have become increasingly negligent towards each other's rights not fulfilling their obligations properly. Obviously, any negligence on the part of the couple (given their important and effective roles in the family), will not only make the family relationship vulnerable but it can also disturb the rest of the family and bring about disintegration. Second, the inundation of many specious arguments such as the disparity of the rights and obligations of the couples in the family, and also the extraction of some of the religious injunctions from the body of the religion without having a comprehensive look at Islamic laws will lead to misuse of religious doctrines. Thus, it will create the misgiving that Islam has done injustice to women since it endorses a patriarchal attitude towards the duties and mutual obligations of men and women. This argument creates misunderstanding about the divine teachings of Islam. The present article has studied, with reliance on the Quran, traditions and views of jurists and lawyers and those of the psychologists about the philosophy of the differences in the rights and obligations of the couples, the common and specific duties of the couples. It has also examined the differences with esoteric (verses, narrations and Islamic jurisprudence) and exoteric (psychological) perspectives.

Presenting a correct image of a Muslim woman's role model and explaining the rights and the way she contributes towards social affairs with emphasis on their conformity with genuine religious doctrines are the urgent needs of today's world. The necessity of getting to a strategy consistent with the requirements of the time together with observing and preserving the religious beliefs and values require us to restudy and recognize women's rights in jurisprudence, urf (custom) and legal rules. When it comes to woman and her active presence, this question arises as to whether or not woman enjoys a social position according to Islam. Can she adopt a profession and get busy working in society? Also, if Islam has accepted woman's job outside the family, has it not considered any restrictions or conditions towards her job? Can a woman interfere in all the affairs of society in the same way as men do? Can she be active in the same way as a man is? In this article, efforts have been made to answer these questions through a library based and analytical-descriptive method. The right of obligation for women with certain rules and limits are some of the findings of this article.

Religious education of children and deepening religious doctrines in children and youngsters make them immune to moral and social vulnerabilities because the occurrence of many abnormal behaviors arise from lack of religious and moral education. Hence, institutionalizing religious values such as hijab (Islamic modest dress) in children protects them against deviations. To institutionalize Hijab and to make the individuals acquainted with it, it is necessary to start from the childhood period. Moral training and education with reliance on psychological methods and examining proper educational method has a special place in the Islamic educational system. Education will bear fruit only when proper educational ideas and theories are implemented within correct frames. In this study, efforts have been made to verify and examine, through analytical descriptive way of research, the appropriate educational method in regards to institutionalizing Hijab in children and youngsters. Creating and introducing role models, love, encouragement, giving insight and telling stories are some of the most effective and helpful methods that can be adopted by parents to institutionalize Hijab in children and youngsters.

Life is full of blessings and limitless wealths and all people have right and choice to live happily, but achieving success in each field, depends on person s ambition and effort and it is only he who can help himself. In the world which some feel happiness and well-being, others are not satisfied with their own life. Our thoughts and opinions make our life quality. The more some body is optimistic and positivist, the more he will be satisfied with his life,and as a result of that he ll be more successful. In this writing, behavioral techniques like appreciation, praising of God, exterminating negative thoughts, life prioyities setting, practicing optimism, associating with optimistic people, being occupied with useful activities, emigration, doing good deeds, analyzing problems, paying attention to previous failures are extracted from Islamic references and introduced.

This article datails the effect of observing family rights in the balance and efficiency of the family with Islamic – juridical foundation. The effect of observing the rights prescribed by Islam for family members on family balance has been studied through an analytical –descriptive way and with reliance on Quranic verses and also traditions. The religion of Islam has fixed and determined a right for each member of the family including the wife, husband, father and mother. However, since right and obligation are two faces of one coin, Islam has fixed some obligations also vis-à-vis these rights. According to religious sources, the observance of the rights and fulfillment of the obligations along with it can secure the stability and efficiency of the family.