مجله پایش
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 43، خرداد و تیر 1391)

The prevalence of smoking in the adolescence is a valuable indicator for prediction of national burden of smoking in the future. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of lifetime smoking among high school students in Iran. Various search methods have been used including searching Pubmed, ISI, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, IranMedex, IranPsych and database on drug abuse, as well as hand-searching. All original researches, which had described lifetime use of cigarette, hookah, and pipe among high school students were included in the study with no restriction on date of publication, and were qualitatively assessed. Subsequent to data extraction, heterogeneity test was carried out on indicators for which more than two studies were found and meta-analyses were performed. In total, 18 studies were included in this review. The combined prevalence of lifetime cigarette smoking for boys, girls and total high school students were calculated as 30.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-36.8), 14% (95% CI: 7-20.9) and 21% (95% CI: 15.1-26.9), respectively. The combined prevalence of lifetime cigarette smoking for boys was significantly different (P<0.001) in the year 2001 and before (38.6%), with the years after 2002 (21.5%). In Iran, the prevalence of smoking in this age range is lower than many other countries and in recent years, a decreasing trend was found in boys. These findings can be attributed to the national control and prevention strategies. However, some studies have several qualitative limitations, which points to the necessity of high quality repeated surveys in the future.

The aims of this study are scoring the educational wards of Imam Hospital complex, comparison of different wards according to educational, research and treatment scores and finally improvement of hospital's curriculum. For assessing the educational performance a questionnaire was filled by the ward's directors. Another questionnaire was filled by faculty members in order to evaluating the research situation of the ward. Customer's satisfaction was assessed through questionnaires which were filled by residents, interns, students and patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13. In educational sector, pediatric ward has the first rank, infection ward the second rank. In the research sector infection ward the first and the pediatric ward have the second rank. Training customers have the most satisfaction of general ward and Patient had more satisfaction of surgery ward (3 and 4 surgery ward).With 47% score to training sector, 28% to research sector and 25%to satisfaction, the infection ward has the first rank, pediatric ward second rank and orthopedic ward the third rank of Imam Khomeini complex. In Imam Khomeini complex survey of wards ranking, the infection ward has the first rank pediatric ward second rank and orthopedic ward the third rank in overall survey.

To assess hospital performance of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during 2001-2007. In this study, hospitals of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during 1380-1386 were reviewed. Data envelopment analysis in the final model has been designed with assuming variable return to scale (VRS) and based on minimization of production factors. Also, this paper applies the SFA models of Cobb-Douglas and Translog production Function and the best results based on production function was selected. The results of Data envelopment analysis shows hospital technical efficiency 0.95 and promoting technical efficiency and capacity in the hospitals studied the rate is 5 percent. The results also showed that the constant return to scale is governed the production process. The other hand, the results indicate SFA confirmed the results of DEA. In addition, the results of this method shows the hospital services production is capital intensive activity. Because beds than other factors production of higher elasticity. As personnel costs allocate major part of the hospital fixed costs. Seems so removed surplus human resources based on this study can implement a major role in reducing hospital and health care costs.

Considering the increasing number of scientific associations in the past decade and potential role of them in public health, it was needed to design a new model of effective management by reviewing their functions to be close to the following - Create a common view for SAs - Create a common view for the members of a SA- Change the view of community and government to the role of SAs.- Use the model for planning and performance evaluation of association by the board. This is a descriptive study; after review of scientific literatures and focus group discussion with presidents of several SAs, selected by the consultative council of SAS commission 5 functional domains and 48 critical success factors were listed in a conceptual framework. An open and closed questionnaire with likerts scores were defined and sent to the 115 SAs. 83 SAs (74%) replied on time. All the responses of open questions were categorized and analyzed in main domains and the result of closed questions were analyzed by the SPSS (V18). The six important factors in order are: continuous professional development plan (workshops, continuous education, congress and scientific meetings, short term courses), independent equipped facility, strategic and annual plan, and good member participation in SA elections, plans and monthly board meeting, membership of SA in national councils and committees, participation in setting related medical tariff, membership in international societies. All the SAs have considerable experiences in 5 functional areas and the "specialist's domain" were the first one. No significant relations were found for the other paternal exposure categories neither for the all maternal exposures categories with the risk of ALL in their offspring. In this regard SAs constitution should be revised. 100% agreement of selected SAs with success factors showed that the capacity of SAs could be improved by advertising the designed model. Introducing the potential functions of SAs to policy makers and managers will change the governmental views for engaging them in governance issues as a prominent role.

To evaluate eating breakfast among primary school children and some demographic factors relationship with it in whole of Golestan province (north of Iran) in 2009. This cross-sectional study was performed on 7426 students (3786=male and 3640=female) from 112 schools in urban and city area that were chosen by two steps’ cluster and stratify sampling. A questioner was completed for all samples by interview. The consumption of breakfast and some factors effect on such as ethnicity, residential area, literacy and type of school computed in this study. Data analysis was carried out using the spss.win 16.Validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed. Consumption of breakfast was shown among 91.7% of students (female= 90.1% and male=93.3%). Consumption of breakfast was 8.7% in public school more than in private school children and in Turkman ethnic groups (94.0%) is significantly more than other ethnic groups such as Fars (90.4%) and Sisstani (91.6%) (P=0.001). There is a statistical significant differences between gender and type of school, separately (P=0.001). The most reasons for lack of breakfast eating are low appetite (70.1%) and non-flavorful foods (11.8%). Lack of breakfast eating is one to eleven of students and social-demographic factors such as ethnicity and social level based on type of school effects on it. With regard to roll of breakfast eating in educational promotion, recognition and solving the obstacle factors for eating breakfast in students were recommended.

Adolescents health needs are unique. An understanding of these needs will assist in the development of services, risk-reduction strategies and preventive health activities.

This qualitative study was a part of a mixed method study about female adolescents health needs and conducted in Mazandaran province, a province in the north of Iran.67 female adolescents between 12-19 years of age participated in 8 focus group discussion. Inaddittion, semi structured interviews were done with 11 key informants including: 5 parents, 3 teachers and school counselors, 2 obstetricians and one midwife. Participants were selected based on purposeful sampling and with maximum variety. All tape-recorded data was fully transcribed and thematic analysis was done.

Findngs of this research around the role of family in adolescents health needs emphasized on 4 overarching themes including: supportive family relationships, needs for responsible parents, well-informed parents and parental monitoring.

In attention to the critical role of family relationships in adolescents health needs, Parents education in order to help them to improve their relationships with their adolescents is necessary.

Family Physician” program has been launched since 2005 as a fundamental health plan in Iran. In spite of valuable information gathered through vital horoscope, only a few studies have been done in order to evaluate the performance of this program. So this research has been carried out to assess the impact of this program on heath indicators.Methods & The research involved collecting data about 11 main health indicators extracted from the official annual report of the deputy for health from 2001 to 2006 and analyzing them through t- paired test in SPSS. Statistical analysis shows that the changes in 6 main indicators during these years including infant mortality rate (IMR), crude birth rate, under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR), maternal mortality rate (MMR), and percentage of deliveries attended by unskilled persons were significant (P<0.05) and all of the above indicators have decreased during these years. Although other 5 indicators such as crude death rate (CDR), general fertility rate, percentage of deliveries in hospitals, percentage of family planning coverage and still birth rate had an appropriate improvement during these years, their changes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Findings indicates that there is an acceptable improvement in many of the health indicators since starting this program. But this does not mean that the other factors that might have affect on these indicators should not be considered.

Objective (s): With respect to importance use of cervical cancer screening to cervical cancer diagnosis and lack of enough information in this context, this study entitled Factors associated with cervical cancer screening and its barriers among women in Kashan was performed. This is Cross-sectional study that performed on 1000 women by cluster sampling. Data collected by fill in questioner by interview with woman and then analyzed by statistical tests. 20% of women reported never having Pap smear test. 80% reported having had at least one test that 34.7% of them had only one Pap smear. 11.3% had done test in standard interval. 52.8% of women use of Pap test 12 year or most after marriage at first. There was significant relation between use of Pap smear with education level (P=0.001), income (P=0.012), parity (P=0.00), statues married (P=0.012), contraception method (P=0.001). The most commonly endorsed barriers were lock of knowledge of necessity of cervical cancer screening (39.9%) and shyness when they go to clinic (26.3%). Based on finding this study, the most of women in Kashan don’t repeat in standard interval and the most barrier cervical cancer screening was lock of knowledge of necessity of cervical cancer screening. Recommend to early diagnosis cervical cancer, health care professionals must provide women with more information about the benefits of participating in cervical cancer screening programs.

Objective (s): Control and prevention of growth of population by family planning programs were performed. Then it's define necessity of usage of contraceptives.There are many psychosomatic complications for each of these contraceptives such as sexual dysfunction.The aim of this study was to determine sexual function of women in using of different contraceptive methods. In this descriptive -analytical research, sample includes 306 cases of 15-49 years old married women that coverage of Shahinshahr city health care centers.The stratified sampling method was used for choosing of health care centers and share determination for each of them, easy sampling method was used to select referring women. The study tool was valid and reliable female sexual function questionnaire.Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical (ANOVA) statistics. Findings showed that the most common contraceptive method used with samples was natural method (28.4%) and the least common was wife vasectomy (1.8%). Also, the least common sexual dysfunction was with condom and the most common was with wife vasectomy. There was a significant difference between all of domain of sexual function (except of pain) with types of contraceptive methods (P<0/05). In using of different contraceptives, many sexual dysfunctions occur and these dysfunctions are more with permanent methods than others. Then sexual inclinations are in a frame of hormones, emotional excitement and social factors.

Objective (s): Physical, emotional and social change occurred in postnatal period which can affect the quality of life. In this study the postnatal quality of life subscales after normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section was compared.

An analytical cohort study was conducted on mothers with caesarian (n=150) and normal vaginal delivery (n=150). The mother's referring to health centers in kashan city filled the Sf-36 questionnaire 2 and 4 months after delivery. Questionnaire aspects compared between two groups and in each group. Data was analyzed by SPSS software by using chi square, independent t- test, and Mann-Whitey U test

Findings showed higher score in physical health and physical role limitation 2 months after delivery in normal vaginal delivery group and higher score in physical health, social function and emotional health 4 months after delivery in normal vaginal delivery. The mean scores for social function and emotional health improved significantly in two months interval in vaginal delivery group.

The quality of life in many of dimensions did not show significant different in two groups, Nevertheless there was a better quality of life especially in physical health, 2 months after delivery and physical and emotional health, 4 months after delivery in vaginal delivery group.

Obejective (s): infertile couples receiving IVF / ICSI treatment may be at higher risk of developing psychological or health-related problems. Identification of these groups at risk may enable better allocation for appropriate counseling. a total of 1028 (516 women and 512 men) were invited to complete health survey short form (SF-36) questionnaire prior to initiating IVF / ICSI treatment in Vali.e.Asr hospital and Rooyan infertility center.The patient’s demographic and clinical characteristics were also recorded. male SF-36 scores were higher than those reported by women. Quality of life increased with advancing age, level of education, economic status, in working women and infertality due to male factor. Infertile couples are at risk of a sub- optimal quality of life. Psychological counselling, especially support psychotherapy, must be regarded for patients in order to increase their quality of life.

To evaluate the relationship between job satisfaction and mental health in staff. The subjects were selected randomly from the staff working in (administrative, research, cultural, educational units). They were from two sets of homogeneous organization. The research scale of this for job satisfaction is a questionnaire that consisted of four questions. They were related to total job satisfaction, income, cultural environment governing the organization and cultural behavior. Evaluation of mental health was investigated with using the standard scale GHQ-12. 220 patients of both sexes were from two organizations participated in this study. The mean age of the population is 35.5 years (SD=7.8) and their mean years of education is 15.4 (SD=9.2). Mental health score 2.5 (SD=2.3) and most of subjects had moderate job satisfaction (55%). The results showed that mental health was significantly associated with components of job satisfaction and satisfaction with the cultural environment and cultural behavior (‍P<0.05). Who expressed more satisfaction had better mental health. The results showed the income of individuals did not affect their mental health, but job satisfaction affected their mental health.