Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Dec 2011

Background and aims. It has been reported that Type I hypersensitivity plays an important role in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α as immunologic mediators and gingival clinical parameters in chronic and aggressive periodontitis.Materials and methods. Clinical parameters including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD) and bleeding index of 11 patients with moderate-to-advanced periodontitis were recorded; gingival tissue specimens from 12 chronic and 14 aggressive active sites, harvested from interproximal areas during their routine periodontal surgeries, were cultured with Fetal Calf Serum + RPMI + Amphotericin + Gentamicin in 96-well plates for 72 hours. The cytokines present in the culture media were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ElISA) in each case and the results were statistically analyzed by ANCOVA, Pearson's and Spearman's rho.Results. Mean values of CAL, PD, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were 6.8±1.3 mm, 6.5±1.2 mm, 111.23±143.4, 10.1±16.9 and 5.2±0.2, respectively. There were no significant differences between the three cytokine concentrations in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. There were no correlations between cytokine concentrations and clinical parameters. There were direct statistical correlations between IL-6 and TNF-α in both periodontitis types.

Background and aims. There are some studies comparing bone replacement grafts. The aim of this study was clinical evaluation of the effect of Osteon® (as a new bone material) and Bio-Oss® (Bovine-derived hydroxyapatite) in the treatment of mandibular molar class II furcation defects in humans.Materials and methods. Eleven patients (10 females and 1 male, age range of 27-59 years; mean age of 45.5±11.8 years) who had at least 22 mandibular class II buccal or lingual furcation defects were treated either with Osteon (as the case group) or Bio-Oss (as the control group). Each defect was randomly assigned to either the case group or the control group. Clinical parameters and the soft tissue and hard tissue measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival recession of furcation area (GR), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), horizontal defect depth (HDD), vertical defect depth (VDD) were recorded at baseline and six months after surgery. Data were analyzed using t-test or Wilcoxon's test.Results. Similar healing results were observed for both treatments. The results showed significant probing depth reduction (case group: 0.77 mm and control group: 0.84 mm) and HDD reduction (case group: 0.51 mm and control group: 0.8 mm) and PI reduction. There was not statistically significant difference between the groups in all soft and hard tissue parameters.Conclusion. The results of this study showed that the effect of using Osteon as a bone graft material is the same as that of Bio-Oss in the treatment of mandibular class II furcation defects.

Background and aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles of zirconia mixed with glass-ionomer on the proliferation of epithelial cells and adhesive molecules (ICAM-1).Materials and methods. Zirconia nanoparticles were mixed with glass-ionomer powder in weight percentages of 0%, 5%, 50%, 70%, and 100%. The powders were then mixed with glass-ionomer liquid in 2:1 weight ratios. The paste was then inserted into a steel ring mold (5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) sandwiched between two glass slides. Glass-ionomer was then cured using a light-curing unit. Seven samples (discs) were prepared for each mixing percentage. Cell cultivation (epithelial) and MTT tests were performed to assess the cytotoxicity of specimens containing different nanozirconia contents. Finally, human ICAM-1 platinum ELISA test was performed for quantitative diagnosis of human ICAM-1 epithelial cells.Results. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in the cytotoxicity of specimens with different nanozirconia contents after 1 and 24 hours and one week. There were no significant differences between the specimens in relation to the ICAM-1 molecules released from epithelial cells.Conclusion. The results revealed that incorporation of zirconia nanoparticles (except for the pure zirconia particles) stimulated the adhesion of epithelial cells to the specimens, making the zirconia-containing glass-ionomers promising biomaterials for dental applications. The highest biocompatibility was obtained for 70 wt% of zirconia after 24 hours.

Background and aims. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between TNFR2 (+587T/G) gene polymorphism and chronic periodontitis (CP).Materials and methods. One hundred and seventy-four non-smoking patients (35-72 years of age) with chronic periodontitis were selected according to established criteria and divided into three groups according to their probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Single nucleotide polymorphism at position +587 (T/G) in the TNFR2 gene was detected by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method.Results. The distribution of genotypes for TNFR2 polymorphism at position +587 was not significantly different between moderate and severe chronic periodontitis patients compared with controls (P=0.33). In addition, the frequency of the +587 allele was not associated with the number of teeth (P=0.58), mean PPD (P=0.9), mean CAL (P=0.94), mean ABL (P=0.99) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (P=0.07) in the patients studied.Conclusion. This study suggests that there is no correlation between genotype and severity of chronic periodontitis.

Background and aims. Root conditioning is recommended as an adjunct to mechanical root surface debridement to remove smear layer and root associated endotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and tetracycline hydrochloride as root biomodification agents.Materials and methods. Fifteen freshly extracted teeth were root planed and specimens obtained from the cervical two-thirds of the root. Each tooth root provided four specimens to be treated by saline (used as control, citric acid, EDTA and tetracycline hydrochloride for a total of three minutes using the passive burnishing technique. The specimens were then observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The specimens were evaluated for presence or absence of smear layer, total number of tubules visible, number of patent tubules and diameter of patent tubules. Statistical analysis was performed using paired -test.Results. All three test groups effectively removed the smear layer in comparison to the control. The number of patent tubules present in the citric acid and EDTA test groups was significantly higher than those in the tetracycline hydrochloride test group. However, the average diameter of the patent tubules was greater in the tetracycline hydrochloride group compared with citric acid and EDTA groups.Conclusion. All three agents are equally effective root biomodification agents. In clinical practice, EDTA might be more useful owing to its neutral pH.

Background and aims. Preeclampsia is one of the causes of mother and newborn mortality; however, the exact etiology has not been identified despite an extensive body of literature. This study was performed to assess whether there is a relationship between the preeclampsia and periodontal disease.Materials and methods. Sixty pregnant women were allocated to case (with preeclampsia) and control (healthy) groups in this analytical study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical probing depth (CPD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in both groups. The evaluations began at delivery till 24 hours postpartum with the patient’s informed consent. Data were analyzed using independent t-test for comparing mean values of groups with the Microsoft Excel software.Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the studied parameters between groups (P > 0.05). Gingival recession was seen in only one case.Conclusion. Within the limits of this study, no relationship was found between preeclampsia and periodontal disease. More research with more sophisticated and precise methods to screen preeclamptic patients and monitor the preeclampsia is suggested.

Pregnancy is a physiological state that brings a wide range of changes in a woman’s life, including a susceptibility to periodontal disease, probably due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. The metabolism and immunology of the body are modified by hormones like progesterone and estrogen as well as other local factors. These sex hormones may modify the oral mucosa and may lead to various periodontal diseases. The hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and generalized or localized gingival enlargement in the presence of local factors that may accentuate the gingival response. This article reviews the condition and presents two cases

Connective tissue is an autogenous tissue which has shown successful results as a barrier due to its mesanchymal cells with osteogenic capacity. In this case the defect around the dental implant was treated simultaneously with demineralized freezed dried bone and connective tissue as a membrane. Re-entry was done to evaluate the site in 6 months. Restoration was completely functional in the one-year period of follow-up after loading, with no signs of inflammation, pocket probing depth and gingival recession.