نشریه پژوهش در مسائل تعلیم و تربیت اسلامی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز 1390)

Conducted through analytic inferential method، this research is intended to explain the views of the Holy Quran on the foundations، objectives and educational approaches regarding the relationship between man and nature. The objectives of this research include the continuation of individual life and nurturing sensitive power of man with regard to physical training، understanding heavenly universe and spiritual and abstract issues with regard to perceptive training، increasing self esteem، purification of spirit، fighting against selfishness relating to ethics، enhancement of the social communication، and enhancement of social eminence relating to social training. Four general approaches، including sensitive experiment، tourism، business and studying the longitude aspect of nature، are inferred from the Holy Quran as essential factors for education. The results indicated that nature is essentially important in making relationship with heavenly states of the universe and can be regarded as promotional means for man in his attempt in the way of perfection and virtue.

The main purpose of this research is to review the ideas of individualists about social training and to criticize them according to Allameh Tabatabaee. Allameh considers both individual and social aspects of man in social training. He believes that there is an undeniable relation between individuals and society. On the contrary، individualists ignore the important role of society by emphasizing too much on the role of individuals. Both views indicate special points for social training. According to Allameh، social training can be specified by traits such as betterment of the society، general and job training، social thinking، religionism، willpower and authority، and training. These can be applied as elements for criticizing individualistic view of social training. This research is conducted to achieve this through analytic-documentary method. The results indicated that although some points are sharing between these two approaches، Allameh's view، focusing on both individuals and society، seems to be richer and more comprehensive

This research is intended to review the viewpoints of Khajeh Nasir concerning ethical training. The method applied to this research is a qualitative descriptive-analytical one based on library study. First، Khajeh Nasir's books، especially "Akhlagh Naseri" were reviewed. Afterwards، books and essays relating to ethical training were studied. The ethical system of Khajeh Nasir is based on the recognition of 'self، and، balance of power'. Accordingly، the most important outcome of this research includes issues such as: identification of the objectives of ethical training such as final and midway objectives، educational objectives، recognition of principles of ethical training including honor and value of man، considering the nature of pupils and the like. To achieve these goals، evading communication with people was identified as an essential factor.

As a natural environment، family affects various aspects of children's growth and creates their individual and social prosperity. Although the role of family is quite clear in children's development، it is ignored facing some challenges in formal and general curriculum of training. This research is intended to investigate whether the Islamic government of Iran، which is responsible for the administration of formal and public training، believes in the continuous role of family in various formal and public training periods. If the answer is yes، what are the prerequisites for playing this role and participation? What are its limitations and outcomes? This qualitative research is conducted by analyzing documentary data through analytic method. Documentary data revealed that both religion and scholars at different disciplines، such as psychology، sociology and social psychology believe in the continuity of training role of the family in the formal and public training system. Both fields believe in 'trust' as a factor of continuity، with limitation of 'participation in policy making' and 'administration'. The outcome can be 'controlling infinite dominance of the government on formal training systems'، 'making the system responsive about its performance'، enhancing ownership feeling in the families'، and increasing the abilities of families'.

This research is intended to review the relation between religious orientation and psychological hardiness in university students. Research population included all girl and boy students of Islam Abad Payam Noor University among whom 380 subjects were randomly selected for this research. Research instruments included Alport religious orientation questionnaire and Ahvaz hardiness inventory (AHI). Pierson coordination coefficient، regression and T-test were applied to analyze the data. The results indicated that there were positive significant relation between intrinsic religious orientation and psychological hardiness of the students. However، a negative relation was found between outer religious orientation and psychological hardiness. Other results indicated that there were no significant difference between girls and boys with regard to religious orientation. However، the difference between girls and boys was significant with regard to psychological hardiness.

This research is intended to arrive at a research oriented educational system in agreement with higher educational system of Sepah (at Imam Hosein University). The objective of this descriptive-exploratory research is developmental. This research is conducted by referring to documentary and laboratory sources، and by running a field study. A researcher-made questionnaire including four main factors was used to collect data. Having evaluated the validity of the questionnaire by factor analysis (0. 902)، data was acquired from 120 subjects in the sample group (composed of the technicians، instructors and faculty members of Imam Hosein University). Finally، through factor analysis، the model was formed، covering four elements: research، administrative-logistical، educational، and ethicalcultural، each of which consisted peripheral factors. The most important factors in this model included scientific leadership، quality management، participatory organization، enabling، problem orientation، group work، knowledge management، customer orientation، participation evaluation، meritocracy، and freethinking.

This piece of research is intended to compare and find out the relationship between brave behavior، self esteem، religion orientation of athletic and nonathletic students. Research population included all 19 to 21 years old students in public universities in Tehran. 200 students were selected randomly as sample، devoted equally to athletic (100) and nonathletic (100) groups. The main question was: "Is three any significant difference between brave behavior of athletic and nonathletic students? " The research was designed according to causal-comparative method. Research tools included: 1. Self-expression questionnaire the reliability of which was calculated as much as %88 according to Cronbach Alpha; 2. The self esteem questionnaire of Copper and Smith with a reliability of %91; 3. A questionnaire for testing religious attitude with a reliability of %94 calculated by retest. Inferential statistics tests were applied to analyze the data. The results indicated that there was a positive relation among brave behavior and self esteem، and religious orientation (p<. /. 5). There were also significant difference between brave behavior of the athletic and nonathletic students، indicating that athletic students presented braver behavior with more self esteem. Religious orientation proved not to be significantly different between the tow groups.