فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار 1388)

Cercis siliquastrum that belongs to caesalpiniaceae family is an ornamental plant. The aim of this research is study of ultrastructure features، allergenicity and influence of air pollution on allergenicity of mature pollens in cercis siliquastrun. S. E. M showed that pollens of this plant are oval، Tricoplate that average size is 20μm. Exine thornies is reticulate. Because that the most important part of allergenicity of pollen is protein، we studied quantity and quality of pollen`s protein. In quantity study with Bradford method protein content is more than 1000μgm1-1. In comparision of clean and polluted pollen extraction has`nt observed significant differences. In electrophorase study that has done with SDS-PAGE method، protein bands observed with molecular weights of 14،18،37،54،65 and 110KD. Pollen extraction injected to Guinea pigs in 3 groups: control، treatmented with clean pollen extraction and treatmented with polluted pollen extraction. The amount of total IgE with ELISA method showed that IgE changed from 3. 481um1-1 in control group to 6. 241um1-1in treatmented group with clean pollen extraction and 6. 381um1-1 in treatmented with polluted pollen extraction Eosionophile percentage changed from 1% in control group to 2. 14% in treatmented group with clean pollen extraction and 2. 2% in treatmented group with polluted pollen extraction. There was significant differences between control group and treatment group. Because of this results، Pollens of Cercis siliquastrum are allergen.

Acipenser persicus is ponto–caspian endemic species and primarily in the eastern of the south caspian. Acipenser persicus has become the most popular sturgeon in aquaculture due to its good rearing characteristics so the histopathologic and histochemical study of gastrointestinal tract in order to use some methods for proper feeding and prevating of toxic materials on larva، can be used to produce more valuable product with much lower cost in a short time. Methods and material: This study was carried out on Acipenser persicus at the age of 1-14 days post hatching (dph). Histochemical and histological studies for observation of yolk sac resorption process، and the changes of digestive system were done d with HE، (PAS) and alsian blue (AB) pH2. 5 pH1 staining. In fishes digestive tube is undifferentiated simple tube and filled with yolk platelets. On 7dph، stomach differentiate into glandular and non glandular portion. In this study، stomach increased in size and the glandular portion had positive PAS and negative AB reaction. The stomach of 14 day old larvae shows the columnar epithelium cells that probably the presence of mucous substances stained strongly with PAS. The intestine was identified with a layer of columnar epithelial cells on day 1 after hatching. The melanin plug was disappeard from the lumen of the spiral intestine on day 12. Goblet cells were interspersed among the columnar epithelial cells. Because of mucosubstances presence in goblet cells thay had very strongly reaction with PAS and AB staining.

Salvia macrosiphon and Salvia limbata are important species of the genus Salvia which is belong to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae). The above mentioned species was collected from southeren parts of beautiful area of Zavarijan and Dodangeh region in thecity of Brujerd. Essencial oil was extracted from the above these two plants by the method of distillation with water in a Clevenger. The collected essential oil was kept in refrigerator and analized by GC/MS. Totally، 31 chemical compounds were identified in the essence of each species. The main components in S. macrosiphon were Limonen، Alpha – pinene، Spathulenol، Myrcene، Beta-pinene، Beta-caryophyllene and the major in S. limbata were Spathulenol، Limonene، Beta – caryophyllene، Myrcene، Beta-pinene and Alpha-pinene.

Flooding stress affects many physiological and biochemical functions of plants، some of these changes are decrease in water and mineral absorption، growth rate and also changes in harmonic balance. Water logging has a major impact on both natural vegetation and agricultural crops. One of the important effects of flooding، include reducing of nutrient and water uptake in plants. Increase in root proteins in flooded plants could possibly the increase in some enzyme which induced during flooding. Result obtained sugar measurement showed that، sugar content in leaves and roots significantly decreased in comparison with control plant. Most probably because reduction in photosynthesis rate caused by closure of stomata in flooded plants. Measure of ethylene hormone showed that increased ethylene density in flooded plants leafs in comparison with control plant.

Colorado potato beetle is the most important and dangerous pest of potato plant. Because، adults and larvae feed on stem، leaf and flower of potato a lot. Determination of biology of this pest in per region is necessary for selection of different control methods and their use time in integrated pest management. In order to، biology of this pest is studied in natural condition and 27±4 C temperature on surrounded potato vases. This insect overwinter as adult in soil. Adult insects after emerging mated and laid eggs in groups of 4- 76 in lower level of potato leaves. The eggs were hatched after four until five days. First instars larvae feed on potato leaves in communal، then feed median and margin of leaf. Upper instars larvae feed more، relation to lower instars larvae. Adult insects feed more relation to larval different instars. The medium larval period per instar took 2. 1 ± 0. 308، 2. 35 ± 0. 4، 3. 15± 0. 366 and 6. 95± 0. 826 days respectively. The medium total of larval period took 14. 55 ± 1. 146 days. This pest feed on potato leafs more، in per larval instars relation to before larval instars. Complete larvae ceased feeding and pupate in 3 centimeter depth of soil. Pupa period took 6-8 days. Colorado potato beetle has two generation in per year.

The weed phytosociology in Damghan fields، have been studied using the method of Braun- Blanquet. 198 releves have been taken from 28 fields and 19 releves have been deleted due to fimilarity with the others، and phytosociological data analysis on 149. Remained releves were been done according to the C. A. H (Classification Ascendante Hierarchique) and A. F. C. (Analyse Factorielle des Correspondance) methodes. 22 associations and subassociations have been defined. Weeds are mainly therophyte (47/5%) and hemicryptophyte (32/8%). Geophytes are less frequent (9/83%). Cosmopolitan elements are 39/3%، Irano-Turanian 22/9% and the rest are pluriregional.