فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 12، پاییز 1390)

The local periodic markets have important role in rural economic in Guilan province and therefore each change and evolution in this markets effect on rural economic and society. Therefore, solution of these problems must be principle priority in region planning. This investigation study that how these problems resolve. Methodology of thesis was analysis descriptive method. Investigative method was quantitative. In this thesis was used from questionnaire for collecting data. Statistical society was calculated by Cochran’s formula that was included two groups: sellers and buyers. Numbers of sellers were 300 and numbers of buyers were 400. Sampling method for select of cities was stratified sampling and sampling method for select of sellers was systematic sampling and sampling method for select of buyers was accident sampling. By path analysis showed that some direct and indirect factors effects on sellers’ attitude that include: urban-rural interaction, local tradition, marketing, household variable and income. By path analysis showed that some direct and indirect factors effects on buyers’ attitude that include: stewardship on markets, quality of crop, recreation, sanitation and quality of markets.

Iran has common borders in 1336 Kilometers direct line with its western neighbor Iraq from Dalamparagh to Bandar Fav. The borders of Iran whether in water or in land are such that weaken the position of Iraq. Kermanshah province is a mountainous region between Iran plateau and Mesopotamia plain and is completely covered with peaks and heights of Zagros, and the heights of border areas of Kermanshah province dominate the Mesopotamia plain and provide a very favorable condition for attack operations. Observing the political map of Iran in Kermanshah province we could see that the borders of Ghasre Shirin and Naft are among convex borders of Iran and could be very tempting for Iran regarding military and political aspects. For this reason Iraq started its military attack to border cities of Ghasre Shirin and Naft when it commenced war with Iran. In this article we will review the border regions of Kermanshah province and its role in the military and political targets.

In the literature of rural development, many programs and strategies have already been paid attention by national and international institutions and organizations. Nowadays, in reaching sustainable rural development, the strategy of unified rural development has once again been one of the influential strategies for materializing sustainable development with a newer flavor after a period of indolence. The programs of health village is one the strategies for sustainable rural development. In addition to emphasizing the therapeutic and hygienic issues, these programs have also tackled the other facets of development. The purpose of present study is to introduce the strategy of health village in the frame of cooperatives as a tool to arrive at rural development. To do so, the study has first introduced the strategy in a library research; then, it has surveyed the objectives and approaches of this strategy. Finally, the study has dealt with the common features of this program with cooperative principles in order to implement these programs in cooperative skeleton.

The Persian Gulf region and geopolitical impact of globalization on the political, economic and cultural Persian Gulf region. And how the phenomenon of globalization, foreign policy, security, sovereignty and divergence in these areas has been effective. This descriptive and analytical research methods and tools to collect, such as libraries and documentation has been studied. Be said for regional policy, globalization, threats and pressures generated by these phenomena in different fields, a series of behavioral changes among the rulers and the people of this region has caused. Internal political structure of each of these countries with problems between them, on one hand and political and security threats that globalization has on the other hand, the need to revise the first part of the rulers of these countries in solving problems in order to deal with threats The second part, necessary. The geographical unity and coherence of the Persian Gulf region, Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia as the strategic triangle, with the possible mechanisms of globalization, according to the pattern of regional organizations, in a convergent zone pending, economy and culture of countries to have been saved from being torn apart and therefore the presence of trans-regional powers will have no justification.

Suburbia or informal resident in many of countries and world societies is a urban composite and social discussions. Two types of urban suburbia can be distinguish, the first derived from imbalance and cities internal disease, and other derived from rural elements invasion (Shokohi,1355). Study area is Bandar Abbas city, which has the total area of 5323/5 ha and located in north of Hormoz Strait. In1385, Bandar Abbas city has population of 379301 people. Case study is Nayband sector, which is located western (eastern south) of the Bandar Abbas city. Nayband sector divided to southern and northern parts by Emam Khomeini BLV. Khaje Ata sector located west of the southern Nayband. Southern Nayband separated from Khaje Ata sector by Shahid Chamran BLV. In order to recognition of Economical – Social and Skeletal properties of the Nayband sector, we studied of demographic and families units properties and then studied correlation of family economical and social conditions with skeletal indices of sector. Results showed that: Correlation many of skeletal indices with skeletal state in Nayband sector are direct and positive significant, and according to this can decision making. For example, with improve of family economical condition, can expect to which suburbia sectors attained to relative stable. Correlation studies between of social and skeletal discussions showed that great difference exist between this discussions and Nayband tendency to without homolateral.

One of the most important areas which is visited by tourists in different countries, is the urban area. Some of the researchers believe that urban are3as with high concentration of facilities and attractions would satisfy their visitors and residents. Old Tehran which its main part is in region 12,is the historical place of our country’s capital city, but its hidden cultural attractions, haven’t been paid attention and used as it deserves. This subject is important because today Tehran’s historical center has found different kinds of problems which solving them can increase this center’s attraction and activity. This project verifies a special region’s role (the city’s historical core) in Tehran’s tourism and tries to0 gain enough and useful information for researchers, planners and tourists. In this research three below hypothesis are verified: irst hypothesis: region 12 can be presented as the best pole of Tehran\s tourism and can change the useful characters related to tourism from the power to the act. Second hypothesis: planning for some ways in Tehran’s historical center, can increase the attraction and beauty of these centers for improvement of tourism. Third hypothesis: the tourism improvement can effect on renewing the Tehran’s historical area. One of the most important approaches which has been used in this research, is the “introducing- interpreting” way, by use of common library tools and observation. The main aim of this research is to explore and express some ways to improve the Tehran’s tourism via knowing the cultural touristic potentials of region 12. In this research, have been verified the development of touristic axis as one of the renewing ways in historical area of this city and tourist attraction. Planning for developments in pedestrians with the aim of protecting this area was one of the suggested important parts in renewing this region. The value and importance of this old area have attracted many tourists even with the most limited necessary equipments. According to mentioned points, it seems that one of the most effective ways in this renewing, is the continuous activities in these areas related to its physical and body abilities. While the city’s historical area is renewing and avoiding its more wears, we can introduce the tourism development planning according to the rebirth of city’s historical center. It seems that, only in this way we can renew region 12, as the culture and history’s core of Tehran’s tourism. This research presents the touristic and historical potentials of region 12, and has a new glance at the use and rebirth of this historical area in Tehran.

Strategies for rural poverty reduction emerged of fifty years ago in response to being difficult to understand the complexity development. Governance and Poverty are two terms that, especially in the past decade, have come to the forefront of the development agenda, meant in this case as the perceived general agreement among development agencies and actors on priorities for action. In 2000 world accepted the resolution as a strategic good governance for poverty reduction and improving quality of life had been accepted to a new approach to deal with the offer of poverty phenomenon. The present paper is a paper review on previous works done on rural poverty reduction with good governance approach. the method of study is descriptive analytical and document studies have been used. The results of the present study shows that good governance having the indices of cooperation, law and etc using increasing the poors role, enhancing the poor skills via enhancing basic services, creating ecumenical opportunities via increasing access to bazzar, creating safeties against economic shocks and creating the poor safety against crime causes poverty reduction. The good governance with enhancing the government situation, increasing freedom and people right in their own future and designing development programs using their people causes new processes, change in economical attitudes and as a result poverty reduction.

Many of the threats made against human communities are sources of environmental issues. These threats, however, merely apparent non-security and natural threats will appear, but in practice, community safety and security in the affected countries and sometimes much more significant impact and consequences of the war will bring. Recognizing the challenges posed by environmental effects on natural and human geography of nations, and consequently extend and the effectiveness of the security and political geography, the main issue is the focus of this article. The present text's main objective is "account of environmental issues with national security policy", and it try to find best responds for its main questions that are "What environmental issues have a role in national security?" and "Why should be considering environmental issues in national security policy?" It use the library for research for collection of data and analysis methods for analyzing data collected and to arrive a deeper vision and acquiring new perspectives, his hypothesis to the test plant and concluded that: Environmental consequences of changes in any physical border will not stop. Moreover, continued spread in all aspects of life and human societies, like-chain and affects all parts of the world like a domino. Therefore, attention to the national security of the environment is futuristic, and limit it in the land area and a few years time horizon, will prevent from seeing the added value arising from the discussion of environmental issues in the future. Iran must be first place in the region in all areas, according to "The Future Outlook of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Horizon of the 1404". This was not realized unless with real and rational forward looking, scientific planning, choosing the best solutions and avoid the slogan.

The problem of exceedingly immigration of cities has nestled in increasing the urban population and irregular physical development of cities including yasuj. Yasuj has been ranked the first city of getting immigrations in 1385. with regard to its administrative centrality on the one hand and the injection of governmental budgets and severe deprivation of other residences especially villages and small towns on the other hand, it is predicted that the trend of getting immigrations will continue in the years ahead and bring about unemployment, service and facilities shortage, false job, suburbia, social abnormalities and disorderly physical- spatial development. The main objective of this paper (investigation) is to confirm the role of immigration in the physical- spatial development of yasuj. For this to be done, the descriptive method has been applied. So the method of total number assessment of immigrations during 1345- 1385 has been used. To achieve this goal the geometric population increase has been applied. The results of the investigation show that immigration have had 83/4 increasing rate during 1345- 55 and also had been the most important in the population increases and the physical- spatial development of yasuj in 1365, 1375, 1385 respectively with percentages of 57/3, 66,76

Nowadays the process of development as a major debate in the country, especially developing countries, rural areas of knowledge and analysis capabilities and bottlenecks in the process of rural development planning is very important and knowledge of today's facilities and bottlenecks need to provide a kind of rural areas plans and development programs are. Given that economic development projects with a view, regardless of income generating and environmental consequences resulting from the development of social inequalities (purely economic) are done, attention and executive Zrvt the concept of sustainable development is necessary. Since the existence and survival depends on rural prosperity and stability of all components and mechanisms that development is actually a set of dimensions of ecological sustainability, economic and social interaction and is in contrast to the size, stability, or lack of stability will be realized. In this study, using the measurement models of sustainable development, stability condition villages West of Qeshm Island, are analyzed. Qeshm Island West villages away from the center due to lack of facilities and infrastructure problems. According to UNESCO policy regarding rural development located within Zhyvpark infrastructure facilities and services in these villages can be in the future due to implementation of this project have developed considerably. Methods used in this article, descriptive - is a little. And using effectively information and indicators in rural development, these villages were evaluated. Results indicate that rural West Island because the island located at the end of the lowest educational facilities, health, social and economic are entitled. Investigation results indicate high migration rates in rural areas. Using models and taxonomy Morris Shahab ranking villages that took part from 35 villages in this rural part two strong stable, 11 semi-sustainable village, lasting seven villages and 15 poor villages were unstable. Villages Tabl and Dolab service centers in rural villages to other services to and from West to East section of the reduced number of villages to be unstable.

Spatial planning of boundary regions in IRAN for being of length borders and locating more than half of country provinces in international borders with neighboring countries, to prosper special position in the country planning system. Therefore the main object of this thesis in the meanwhile making clear boundary regions spatial planning in programming system, recognition of elements and its component, the methods of connection of these elements with other elements of country programming system and recognition of importance and necessity of dealing with boundary regions spatial planning. Results show that development and security in the boundary regions correlative with each other. Also intensity of regional unbalance between border regions and interior regions in IRAN effected on national development, in other words although undeveloped in the boundary regions led to in security to produce an effect on undeveloped and insecurity on the whole country. However mental and objective obstacles has been caused that continuing these negative effects. The boundary regions spatial planning trying to removing these obstacles and with presenting an spatial–strategically programming to reach fulfillment national stability development.

Geopolitical, environmental issues and concerns of the late twentieth century, the main activities of human groups and actors in national and regional levels and has become global. Human environment at local, national, regional and global risks has undergone. The stakes in three dimensions: the reduction and resource shortages, environmental pollution and resource degradation is manifesting. The geopolitical vision, loss of environmental resources or depriving people of their favorite places to live in the competition, interaction, and even in cases of conflict between human groups and political actors at various levels are the following. As previously, the Western developed countries, the largest consumer of environmental resources, but I can predict that in the future, governments in developing the reasons of growth and development, effective role in the effect on ecosystems will play security, environmental change, conflict and threats and national governments have been accepted. In this research using descriptive - analytical and documents have been trying to investigate on one hand Geopolitical issues of environmental and other geopolitical threats and security issues of this approach to ensure expression.