فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پاییز 1389)

Cannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide array of effects in a large number of species. In the present study، the effects of cannabinoidergic systems and H1 receptor agents on anxiety-related behaviors and their interactions were investigated، using hole-board test in mice. Bilateral intra-CA1 administration of CB1/CB2 receptor agonist، WIN55، 212-2 (0. 1- 0. 5μg/mice) did not modify exploratory behaviors in mice. On the other hand، intra-CA1 administration of CB1 receptor antagonist، AM251 (25 and 50 ng/mice) or histamine، pyrilamine (5- 10μg/mice) decreased the number of head-dipping and increased the first head-dip، suggesting anxiogenic-like response. Furthermore، our present data indicated that co-administration of WIN55، 212-2 (0. 25μg/mice) with histaminergic agents، decreased the anxiogenic-like response of an effective dose (5μg/mice) of histamine and pyrilamine. In addition، the results demonstrated that co-administration of an ineffective dose of AM251 (25 ng/mice) with histaminergic drugs did not alter the response induced by an ineffective dose (2. 5μg/mice) of either histamine or pyrilamine. In all experiments in doses used، locomotor activity was not significantly changed. Our results showed that there may be a partial interaction between the cannabinoidergic and the histaminergic systems of the dorsal hippocampus on anxiogenic/anxiolytic-like behaviors in hole-board test.

Rice (Oryza sativa. L.) is the world most important cereal crop after wheat and maize. Rice has 24 spicies. Oryza sativa (Oryza sativa L. 2n=2x=24) is an annual grass. It belongs the family Gramineae. In this research، seed of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Hashemi) were inoculated on to MS medium containing various concentration of 2. 4-D: (0،1،1. 5،2،3mg/l) and Kn: (0،0. 5،1،1. 5mg/l). Dِiِِfferent part of 7 days old seedling were grown on MS medium that supplemented by different concentrations of 2 hormons. Different explants that used for callus regenerataion were root،stem،hypocotyle and epicotyle. Our results showed that explants of rice in hormonal concentration: 2،4-D (2mg/l) +Kin (1mg/l) and 2،4-D (2mg/l) +Kin (1. 5mg/l) and 2،4-D 3mg/lformed more and biggest callus. Between different explants that used، epicotyle، hypocotyle and root had more potential for callus regeneration. In this research use cross section of oryza sativa.

Eucalyptus genus is amember of the myrtaceae family. Eucalyptus polyanthemos is an ornamental plant which maintains essential oils. This is the study on anatomical structure،using routine cytohistological methods and also evaluation of SA effects on stability and quality of platns. solutions of SA with different concentrations (0. 1 and 0. 25 g. l-1) ware affected on plant specimens and compared with natural specimens (in summer and fall). The organs root، stem and leaf of eucalyptus were investigated. The result showed that the treated specimens were stronger than control specimens. Treatment with SA 0. 1 gl-1 concentration (spray and watering) caused acceleration of formation and number of latral shoots that probably related to phenolic properties of SA. In this plant support tissue is more than control plants. Also in the treated plants are increased collenchymatous and ligneous tissue. But SA0. 25g. l- 1concentration (spray and watering) caused decrease of collenchymatous cells and increase of sclerenchyma tissue. SA caused increase stability of plants and stronger than control plants. Have a positive effect on vegetative growth of the treated plants. Also SA caused acceleration of lenghth of shoot، (branches) and number of leaves. Watering of samples with 0. 1 g. l-1 concentration caused increase of vessels and length of rayon and also vascular bundels are increased. Anatomical investigation showed that leaf structure in control plants and the treated plants are similar. In Anatomical structure of root in the treated plants with concentration 0. 25g. l-1SA peripheral of root were suberized and degenerated very speed and the pith parenchyma. Comparsion Structure of vegetative meristem in the control plants treated samples with SA indicated that in treated samples with concentration SA 0. 25g-1 (watering and spray) vegetative meristems are spread and flat. With increased tunica layers. Augmentation of SA concentration decrease number of stomata and with increase of SA concentration the number of stomata will increase. Treatment of 0. 5، 1، 1. 5 g. l-1 SA were in hibited germination and treatment of 0. 1، 0. 25 g. l-1 decrease growth of seedlings in comparsion with control.

The genus Atriplex L. and Salsola are belongs to chenopodiaceae. in this research، anatomical studies of stem، leaf and petiol on three species of Salsola and three species of Atriplex genus have been studied. Various anatomical characters such as; shape of stem، cortical parenchyma and collenchyma، spongy and palisadic paranchima، vascular bundles midrib and stomata type were very different between species. Species were easily separated from each other by mean of anatomical characters. Of these: S. arbuscula، S. kalisubsp ruthenica، S. tomentosa A. tatarica، A. leucoclada، A. griffithii Specimens of three species of genus Salsola and Atriplex that were mostly obtained from fresh herbarium and filed specimens in fruiting stage and then put in glycerin-ethanol (1:1) for a month. Hand cross sections were made from the middle part of petiole، stem and leaf. These sections were strained with Carmen and Methyl blue and photographed by light microscopy Nikon model Alphashot 2YS2 and Canon The results obtained confirm the usefulness of leaf anatomy characters for the identification of most of the species studied as has been traditionally recognized variable characters for distance between species. The results of this studies show that our studies anatomical of leaf can be considered used to separation between species this genus.

Asteraceaeis the largest family in the world including seven tribes، 1500genera and 23000 species. Members of this family are spread all over the world. In comparative research of anatomical structure، two spcices which are called CarthamuslanataL. and CarthamusoxyacanthaM. B.، that is belonged to the tribe of Cynareae، are collected from different areas and after placing them in fixture، preparing، double stained and preparing the slides with optical microscope and computer from different parts like root، stem (node، internode)، cauline leaf، basal leaf، peduncle، phyllary and epidermis are being studied in order to investigate the relation between them. In this context 25 characters of root، 30 characters of stem (node، internode) and peduncle and 25 characters of caulineand basal leaf، 8 characters of epidermis، 18 characters of phyllary and 8 characters of micromorphology of fruit are being studied. Transections from the root and stem، peduncle، leaf and phyllary can help considerably in classification. Study of the surface of fruit with scanning electron microscope can be a suitable method in classification. However، epidermal cell shape and stomal type due to the similarities in all the species in this study، aren’t an appropriate character for the classification، but the density of trichome and the number of stomata on the leaf surface is an appropriate character for classification.

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) one of the important floricultural crops with high commercial interest throughout the world. In recent years، remarkable works have been done on various aspects of Dianthus tissue culture including genetic engineering، disease resistance and storage of plant material. case our purpose of this research is to study the effect mineral nutrition Dianthus caryophyllus L.. For this reason in a completely random plan Sterile base of Dianthus carophyllus L. were divided into groups treatment and control in the base medium MS placed. The plants were placed under the treatment of ammonium nitrate with concentrations (0، 10، 30، 40) mmol/L and treatment of magnesium sulfate with concentrations (0، 0. 75، 2. 25، 3) mmol/L and the control group that consists (1. 5، 20) magnesium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Hence، in this research the effects of ammonium nitrate and magnesium sulfate on photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a، b and (a + b)، and the amount of proline were examined. The most amount of cholorophylle a،b (a+b) was detected in the group treated with 30 mmol/L ammonium nitrate and the most prolin content was seen in the group treated with 40 mmol/L. Hence، The most amount of cholorophylle a،b (a+b) was detected in the group treated wiht 3 mmol/L magnesium sulfate and the most prolin content was seen in the group treated with 0 mmol/L magnesium sulfate. The differences between control and experimental groups were significant %1. In conclusion، Results indicated that increasing of the salt in basic MS medium caus to increase physiological activities and astress condition.

World interest to do apply research about medicinal plants identify، their habitats characters and ethnopharmacological data with aim to drug formulates with natural source and their uses in traditional medicine. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. belongs to Equisetaceae family، is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North of Iran، with wild grown in shady temperate forest and mountainous road in South east of Mazandaran province. Long times ago، it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this region for treatment of their current ailments. In this research young green aerial parts of plant were collected in two natural habitats (200m in Galoogah region and 1400m in Tuska cheshmeh village) respectively، in sandy to silty loam soils. Total phenol، total flavonoids and anthocyanin values were expressed in terms of gallic acid، quercetin equivalent (mg /g of dry mass of plant and results were measured by Cross tab analysis in Pearson chi-square(P<0. 05). Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects in purification of river water and fertilizatory of farms. Powder aerial parts of this plant with combination with another medicinal herbs have been used by the rural people as diuretic، anti inflammation، skin and heart tonic، antiseptic for treat of diabetes، sedative، rheumatic pain، skin disorder and stop bleeding in internally and externally usage. In this research the contents of important secondary metabolites measured by chemical method and results showed flavonoide، total phenol، anthocyanin and sillic were increased in higher region (1400m)، . due to confirm that rural people belived E. telmateia was more effective in mountainous region for treatment of their current ailments.

Kombucha was used in traditional medicine to cure many diseases including skin wounds healing. Burns are the most common types of skin injuries، so we decided to experience the effects of Kombucha on burn wounds healing in the in vitro condition. Marterial and In present research، third-degree burns were created in the shaved rat skins، and then squared pieces of burned skin were cultured with grid technique. Six test group of burned skin samples including control (cultured with DMEM)، sham (which received 25% dose of sweetened tea)، experimental1،2 and 3 (with 25%، 50% and 75% dose of Kombucha tea) and experimental4 (with topical application with homogeneous Kombucha symbiont) were studied. The histological procedures were performed on them. Full wound concentration in Kombucha symbiont group and partial wound concentration in 50% dose of Kombucha tea group were observed. Other groups didn’t appear good results. we concluded that، Homogeneouskombucha symbiont and 50%dose of khombucha tea، probably have effective properties on burn wounds healing.