فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال سوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1387)

In this study antagonistic activity of Rhizobium and Pseudomonas isolates against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4),the causal agent of bean damping-off in vitro and in vivo were compared with each other. Production of secondary antifungal metabolites such as HCN, siderophore and protease by them were evaluated. Results showed in vitro,isolate RH3 reduced mycelial growth of R. solani more than others. Isolates RH4, (RH6, RH3) and (RH6,UTPF68) produced the highest amount of siderophore,protease and HCN, respectively. In the green- house condition, strillized soil was used to evaluate the effect of seed coating with bacterial isolates on disease incidence,percentage of disease and growth factors. None of bacterial isolates couldn`t suppress of disease complately. Isolates RH5 and RH4 indicated the highest amount of plant dry weight in presence of pathogen. Isolate RH3 had more effect on control of baen damping-off in green-house condition in compare of others. Our results suggest the potential use of Rhizobium isolates to induce plant growth and disease control in sustainable agriculture production systems.

According to study of crustaceans species and ecological notability of them in Semnan province, the kind of crustacean was identified in the vernal pool in Damghan's Kavir of (Iran). By the identifying keys,biometric and biomeristic specification (Antena and appendix of them, numbers of tagmata, swimming foots,egg pouch, and eyes and numbers, shape and sizes of cysts,were studied. The samples were identified from branchiopod class and Streptocephalus genus that belonged to Streptocephalidae family. In biological study, from September to November 2008, 35 samples of females,averagely had 85 eggs. Body size in male from 21.3 to 29.82mm and female from 16.13 to 18.14mm was different. In the ecological study, the environmental place,included salt water of shaft with 18000 EC, and was mixed in syllable. Until now, there have not been any reports from this genus of branchiopods in Semnan province. For more identification, Samples collected, were sent to the Ecoanalytic center in USA.

Origanum majorana has medical properties in custom and traditional medication. Referring to aforementioned property, anti convulsion is one of the important mater which can point on that. Therefore in this research the author tried to evaluate on experimental and cientific effects of Origanum majorana. Research based on intracerebroventricular injection of amout 1000, 500 and 250 microgram alcoholic extraction of O.majorana (1 micro litr volume in each) in male Wistar rat. In control group same job had ben injected by 1 micro litr of saline. Then to induce seizure in all experimental group, 80 mg/kg of pentylentetrazol (PTZ) intraperitonealy was used.As a resault of this research injection 1000 micro geram of alcoholic extract from Origanum majorana significantly delayed the initiation time of first stage of seizure in copare of control roup. In the other side 250 micro geram of extract delayed the initiation time of second stage of seizure.also injection of alcoholic extract from Origanum majorana significantly reduced score of seizure.As a result, alcoholic extraction of O. majorana has anti convulsion property whice is dose dependent.

Prostaglandins are produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) and have various physiological roles. There are some evidences which represent role of prostaglandins on anxiety. This research evaluated the effect of flunixin as a COX inhibitor on anxiety in male wistar Rats.12.5, 25 and 50μg/μl of flunixin were injected Intracerebroventriculary. Control group and positive control group received 1μl of saline Intracerebroventriculary.20mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole was injected in positive control group and flunixin administrated group Intraperitonealy as an anxiogenic. Anxiety was evaluated in elevated plus maze. Results showed that percentage of open arm enteries (%OAE) was decreased in positive control group significantly.Otherwise flunixin administrated group didn’t show any significant difference in comparison with control group. Administration of 12.5 μg of flunixin decreased percentage of open arm time significantly but 25 and 50 μg of flunixin didn’t show any significant difference. These results represent that flunixin inhibits PTZ-induced anxiety dose dependently.

Lettuce is one of the main vegetables for making salad which is used in every day life and has ability for accumulating nitrate and in this way a lot of nitrate will enter our body. In order to determination the best amount of urea in integration with manure fertilizer to maximize the yield and also with decreasing amount of nitrate accumulation in the usable organs of lettuce this experiment has been done on the filed of Sari Higher Education complete Agriculture and Natural Resources,Mazandaran University.To implement this research, a split- plot experiment based on randomized complete block in 3 designs repetition was used. Therefore manure fertilizer as main plots in two levels (0 and 30 ton- ha1-) design was used. Urea in four levels as sub plots (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg urea. Ha-1) has been considered.The results showed that different levels of manure and urea fertilizers have significant effect on lettuce characteristics.The highest height of plant and dry matter were belonged to 100 and 50 kg urea. Ha-1 and 30 ton- ha-1 manures,respectively.Amount of nitrogen, nitrate and potassium increased by increasing of urea application in which the highest amount of nitrate was belong to 150 kg. urea ha-1 treatment.The lowest of nitrate amount in above ground organs of lettuce was related to 0 kg. urea. ha-1 and 30 ton. ha-1 manure. Calcium amount of tissues was decreased with increasing of chemical nitrogeni fertilizer application and adversely this amount increased with increasing of manure application.By contrast, phosphorous amount was decreased with increasing of manure application and the highest amount of p was obtained in 150 kg. urea. ha-1 treatment.

increasing applications of electric and electromagnetic fields have cauased some anxieties in human health. This research work has been done on the effects of 0.04 T and 0.06 T intensities with 50HZ frequency in transaminase enzymes of adult NMRI mice. In this work solenoid coils to produce electromagnetic fields were used two experimented groups (n=12) were exosed to electromagnetic wave four hours a day for 28 days. The results of experimental groups were compared with sham groups (n=6) and controls (n=6).Resalts: Electromagnetic investigation of transeaminas showed significant increase of ALT and AST (p<0.05) in 0.06,0.04 mT electromagnetic field compared with sham and control groups. Results of this research work showed electromagnetic field coud effect on the transeaminase, As a result of damage on liver cells because of being exposed electromagnetic were this change will happen.

Tarom district, situated in the northeast of Zanjan province, because of its unique condition there is high diversity and rich fauna and flora with four types ecosystems. These ecosystems include mountainous, forest,steppe – range, and swamp –river. In the present research lichens collected from 6 different areas of Tarom region with a range of 600- 2500 m altitude were identified and named using identification keys, chemical experiments,habitat and the available identifying keys. Biodiversity of lichens in this research belonged to 8 species, 7 genera, and 7 families. All specimens were introduced for the first time from Tarom district.