فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 18 (پاییز 1389)

Agriculture sector, as one of the bases for regional development, can be effective in reducing regional threat and in balance and improvement of development indicators in the areas. Main question of this research is Identification of capabilities in agriculture sector in Abarkouh city and providing guidelines for the improvement of this industry. Type of research is applied -developmental and its method is librarian and survey. With using SWOT model which is an important strategic planning model, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of agriculture livestock in this area were determined and then we used QSPM technique for prioritization and classification of strategies. Based on results, organization of product centers and rural regions, use of young man powers in the sector, giving the research affairs to private sector and improvement in participation is most important ways for development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the region.

In terms of social structure, Iran rural management system has undertaken complex developments and changes over many years. In 1999 “Law for establishing self Dehyary” adopted for villages with more than 20 households, but increased to 400 households due to the increasing number of requests. The aim of this research which is descriptive - correlational and performed using survey methods is to answer present problems of these dehyaris bsed on the review of history of political estabilishment of dehyaris and changes to the legislation and institutions in rural areas. In this regard, both large and small villages have been selected from Delfan Dehyary county (n=364), to assess dehyary performance based on two factors Dehyaryha organizational structure and population policy. The results of data analysis in SPSS software Analysis of variance and Spearman correlation tests show that Dehyary far more successful in large villages, small villages. Based on the legal conditions for these activities, pupolation is the main criteria for determining success in Dehyary. Of course this means that the population as a general criterion for services Dhyary.

Trafficking is defined as “entrance or exist of human beings and commodity, secretly and out of the formal or informal principles without payments of state toll rights, customs dues and tariffs”. Trafficking is a multifaceted phenomenon that several factors are involved in its process. Geographical expanse the border areas, multiple import ports for different smuggled goods, consumer demanded goods, society’s cultural change in demand for goods and the view and role of border residents to trafficking are some of these factors that helps this activity to remain part of local and national economy. On the other hand, poor economic conditions of border residents and inharmonious development of different regions of the country, which have been part of nation-state building policies in Iranian history, is another reason for such a profitable, though dangerous, activity. As a result, the development of border areas is much lower than the central parts of the country forcing people to adapt trafficking as a means of livelihood. Although smuggling may be a short term solution to unemployment, by creating a false employment to escape poverty, but since this kind of activity will not lead to the production of goods and services in the long run, it eventually results in further poverty and undermines spatial development. Although smuggling is a phenomenal activity of almost all border areas of the country, this article emphasizes on southern coastal borders and actions needed to reduce it.

Globalization, as an Overwhelming process, has affected all aspects of life in the range of individual and group identity, culture, politics, Economics, etc. This in turn, has added to its complexity and ambiguity. Since globalization is one of the main factors to be Considered regarding the issue of national identity, so this process is not simply a force for homogenization, through which a culture can destroy the other identities. Iran, having a prosperous (rich) culture and civilization throughout it thousands years long history, has always enjoyed a continuous non-broken identity during the time, and though having different forms, its originality has never been altered. On the other hand, although variations occurred in the surface layers of Iranian culture and identity, however, they failed to find a way into deeper layers of Iranian Identity. Also, the culture and civilization of Iran, giving services to the development of the common heritage of global civilization, together with the different neighboring tribes created a specific identity, which has always been expanding and evolving during the times. In the process of globalization, in addition to the revolution of communications and information, two big and important historical events realized the issue of identity for Iranians within the last two decades of the twentieth century: the first was the Islamic Revolution(in Iran) and Islamism, which was emerged in the form of a new identity after 1980s, and the second event was the collapse of the so-called bipolar world in 1990s, which led to the loss of geopolitical balance in the political world. This descriptive – analytical survey, using library recourses and the Internet, seeks to in one hand, explain Iranian identity, and realize the opportunities and challenges to Iranian identity in the globalization process, on the other.

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the issue of national power has increasingly gained more and more significance and has largely been discussed ever since. The approach employed to measuring the national power plays a fundamental role in the theoretical discussions over political geography and geopolitics, which subsequently affects the regulation of foreign policy behavioral model. On the other hand, the twenty-first century is that of the cities because nowadays more than half the world population lives in cities. As a result, most of the authorities in the social sciences and humanities suggest that the destiny of human being in the present and future will be decided on in the cities. Cities, which will be accommodating the majority of the world population in near future, may be arenas for global competition to absorb knowledge and capital. Cities are all craving for reputation in one or more of the human activities so that they can enter the competition. Tehran is one of the largest metropolises in the world in which the country’s political-administrative power is centralized and integrated in the form of its vast political system. Also, the country’s economic power, as with the political power, is centralized in Tehran, which signifies that the national economy leadership is also concentrated in Tehran in a way that the economic and monetary concentration has been synchronized with the political-administrative concentration, population concentration and social services. This study, bearing a descriptive-analytic design, seeks to describe the economic role of Tehran metropolitan area in national power through investigating and using some of the effective economic indices in national power. The findings of this study suggest that Tehran’s metropolitan area plays a negative role in the national power.

The wars are inevitably interwoven with the life and human societies and in most cases it seems that there is to escape of it. The cities as center of human and material capital assemblage are the most targets for the enemy at the beginning of the war. Therefore they have been more damage in the attack. Thus paying attention to passive defense can reduce in remarkable extent the war damages. At present, the war against the country is highly possible considering local conditions and conflicts in surrounding countries and seizure of Iraq and Afghanistan by U.S.A. City of Langerud have a strategic significant with according to the exposure to the main road of Astara-Mashhad and its location at the behind of the Khazar beach. The purpose of this paper is providing sustainable solutions to increase stability of Langerud adequate with its defense-security requirements and geographical features. The research data is extracted from field studies and aerial pictures. Then the analysis of city position is performed by S.W.O.T technique and recognition of strategic regions. The results show that Langerud havent any comprehensive defense program for security of citizens at the possible attacks by the enemy.