مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 1 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1391)

The quantity and quality of dietary carbohydrate intake is of great importance in enhancing exercise performance. Therefore, several studies have investigated the role of glycemic index (GI) in exercise performance.This study aimed to review the current evidence on carbohydrate consumption with different glycemic indices on exercise performance.

We searched PubMed for related publications using "exercise" and "glycemic index" as keywords. This search considered papers that had been published between 1990 and 2010 and had human subjects.

Consumption of low-glycemic index carbohydrates before the exercise results in enhancing of the exercise performance was controversy. The quantity of the carbohydrate is much more important than its quality in exercise performance in elite athletes. Consumption of high glycemic index foods after the games has been consistently reported as a factor in enhancing the exercise performance.

Due to the consistent findings on the effect of high glycemic index foods during and after exercise on performance, it seems that future investigations should focus on meals before the exercise.

Wastewater production is increasing every year. The variety of contaminants necessitates the application of effective and advanced treatment methods. Among the materials that are predominantly used for wastewater treatment are carbon nanotubes. Exposure to the residuals of carbon nanotubes after wastewater treatment through drinking, inhalation, and dermal contact during regular indoor activities such as bathing and cooking may pose many destructive effects on human health. Despite the potential impacts of carbon nanotubes on human health and the environment and their increased implication in recent years, the information on their toxicity in drinking water is very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of carbon nanotubes residuals in water on human health.

The success of any organization depends on the efforts and job satisfaction of its employees. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting job satisfaction among the staff of teaching hospitals in Hamadan, Iran.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 350 staff members of 5 teaching hospitals in Hamadan. Subjects were selected by stratified random sampling. Data was collected through a standard self-report questionnaire. Data was analyzed using chi-square and independent-t tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis in SPSS13.

Our results showed that 6.5% of the studied employees were completely dissatisfied, 59.9% were dissatisfied, 30.9% were satisfied, and 2.7% were completely satisfied with their jobs. Linear regression analysis suggested supervision, the nature of work, and income level to contribute the most in job satisfaction. In addition, according to the results, a significant relationship was observed between increased age, work experience, and decreased job satisfaction (P = 0.05).

The results showed that appropriate supervision in an organization would create an enjoyable working atmosphere. Moreover, by trying to resolve the economic problems of the staff, it would have beneficial effects on increasing job satisfaction among the employees.

Transfer and utilization of research evidence in health promotion have caught great attention in recent years. The objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of researchers in Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Golestan, Iran) regarding research knowledge transfer (KT) in 2010. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, KT-related KAP questionnaire was distributed among 120 researchers. However, only 89 individuals filled out the questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 4 knowledge items (score range: 0-4), 14 attitude items (score range: 0-56), and 8 practice items regarding KT. Time allocated to research activities and KT self-assessment score (0-10) were also included. Data was analyzed by linear regression analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficient (r).

The mean scores of KT-related knowledge and attitude were 1.92 ± 0.97 and 28.70 ± 5.40, respectively. During the past two years, the mean numbers of national and international publications of researchers and their proposals (as the corresponding performer or a colleague) were 4.50 ± 4.97 and 5.02 ± 4.40, respectively. The mean score of knowledge had significant inverse correlations with age (P = 0.01; r = -0.28) and the number of years working as a professional (P = 0.01; r = -0.27). However, the mean score of attitude was not significantly associated with any of the independent variables (P > 0.05). The mean score of researcher's self-assessment regarding KT was positively associated with time allocated to research activities (P = 0.01; r = 0.28).

The results of the present study showed that KAP scores of researchers in Golestan University of Medical Sciences were low.

Untreated leachate is being discharged into the environment in many countries worldwide. Leachate treatment methods have not been unified so far due to the variable composition of leachate. Moreover، the lack of appropriate treatment and disposal of leachate causes environmental pollution. This study aimed to compare removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) of leachate of the Isfahan compost plant using ferrous sulfate، ferric chloride and poly ferric sulfate، and identify the most convenient coagulant and co-coagulant.

This experimental study was conducted to investigate the COD and TSS removal from leachate of the Isfahan compost plant using different coagulants and co-coagulants. Different concentrations and pH levels for each of the coagulants were tested and the most convenient coagulant was identified. This experiment was conducted using the Jar test method. TSS and COD levels were measured by standard methods of B-5210 and D-2540 respectively.

According to the results، pH level of 10، ferrous sulfate with the dose of 2 g/L and 2. 5 g/L resulted in maximum removal efficiency of 43% for COD and 38% for TSS. In pH = 10، ferric chloride with dose of 1. 5 g/L and 2 g/L resulted in maximum removal efficiency of 31% for COD and 47% for TSS respectively. In pH = 11، poly ferric sulfate with the dose of 2 g/L and 2. 5 g/L resulted in maximum removal efficiency of 49% for COD and 51% for TSS respectively. The most convenient co-coagulant for ferric chloride and poly ferric sulfate was SNF-AN913 that resulted in 41% and 58% COD removal، respectively. Concerning ferrous sulfate، the preastol co-coagulant with 51% COD removal had the highest removal efficiency.

The best coagulant for COD and TSS removal was poly ferric sulfate which contributed to better results with an alkaline pH. According to obtained data flocculation and coagulation can be used as convenient، inexpensive pretreatment methods to treat leachate of the Isfahan compost plant، and process the leachate for a better and more convenient treatment using other methods.