فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
سال دوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1389)

Kilka as pelagic fish feeds the planktons, has an important role in the food chain of the Caspian Sea. Since the population parameters, are important to set sustainable fisheries. Sampling on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea was carried out from October 2006 to September 2007 in Bandar Anzali and Babolsar. During the study period, 546 samples were measured and weighed and 221 fish were aged by using sagitta otoliths. The results showed that the mean length and age of anchovy kilka were 117.8±6.9mm and 4.5 years respectively and over 80 percent of the samples were composed of 4 and 5 years old classes. Infinity length (L∞) calculated. 147.45mm and age at zero length (to) equaled -1.73. b parameter in length–weight relationship was estimated 2.56 which showed negative alometric growth pattern (P<0.05). Growth coefficient (K) using the Ford–Walford plot was 0.245 per year and total mortality coefficient (Z) was estimated 1.067 per year. Natural mortality rate was M=0.503 per year and fishing mortality equaled to F=0.564 per years.Continuously monitoring the stocks of anchovy in the Caspian Sea could be effective step in understanding their condition.

In this study, total number of 4817, 1913, 1515, 6249, 1871, 1532, 1208 records of birth weight, weight of 3 and 12 month age, cashmere weight, total number of lambs born, total number of lambs weaned and lambing interval in Raienian cashmere goat were used. These records were collected in Baft station from 1989 to 2006. The animal model was used for genetic evaluation and estimation of genetic and phenotypic correlations for these traits. Heritability above was estimated 0.24, 0.07, 0.20, 0.17, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.03, respectively on the basis of the best model for each trait. Genetic correlation between birth weight and12 month weight, birth weight and cashmere weight, 3month weight and total number of lambs weaned, 3month weight and total number of lambs born, 12 month weight and cashmere weight, 12month weight and total number of lambs born, 12 month weight and total number of lams weaned, 12month weight and lambing interval, lambing interval and total number of lambs born, lambing interval and total number of lambs weaned, was estimated 0.27, 0.072, 0.02, -0.16, 0.28, 0.10, -0.27, -0.12, 0.30 and 0.42, respectively and phenotypic correlation was estimated 0.23, 0.056, 0.066, 0.07, 0.20, 0.01, -0.54, -0.43, 0.02 and 0.04 respectively, using Bivariate analaysis.

The goal of this research was to study the growth parameters and biological indicators of Rutilus frisii kutum and has been done at the base of random collecting of fishes at Mazandaran coastal waters (Sari to Mahmodabad) and fish sampling was carried out by beach seine. Fork length, mean length and total weight of 1096 sampled fish were determined. The fork lengths (FL) were between 13.2 and 54.4cm.The results showed that, the mean length and weight of fishes were 39.03±5.75cm and 815.8±379.5g, respectively. The length average was different between periods of study and increased from 34.6 to 45.4. Most of fishes were in age 4andgrowth parameters were estimated as L∞ = 58 cm, K = 0.24 year, t = -.016 year.

In order to study the genetic structure of Palm squirrel, 50 squirrels were taken using proper traps, sampling and DNA extraction was carried out, using squirrel hair samples and 7 important markers of microsatellite were used. After loci amplifying by PCR and genotyping, statistical analysis for determining different parameters was implemented using statistical softwares. In this research, among the studied loci, Thu 50 locus had the highest number of alleles (3 alleles) and Thu 21 locus (2 alleles) had the least number of alleles. The highest level of Polymorphic information content was observed in Thu 50 locus. Considering the heterozygosity, the highest amount of observed and unbiased expected heterozygosity was detected in Thu 50 locus (0.250 and 0.559) and the amount of observed and unbiased expected heterozygosity were observed in Thu 21 locus (0.000 and 0.444), respectively. The highest and lowest values of Shannon’s index were in Thu 50 (0.934) and Thu 21 (0.637) loci, respectively. In this study, all loci were indicating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The experiments were done to determination of LC50 of ammonia (N-NH4, 96h) to Acipenser persicus and Huso huso. 12 A. persicus and 15 H. huso with average weight of 46±5g were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia salt. A group of fishes considered as control. The experiments were done by static method during 96h. Under of stable condition of temperature and pH, the lethal concentrations of ionized ammonia were 35 and 50mg/l for A. persicus and H. huso, respectively. The LC50 (median lethal concentration) were 18.65 and 29.22mg/l N-NH4 for A. persicus and H. huso, respectively by used of linear regression of mortality percentage to ammonia different concentrations. Results showed that there was significant differences between treatment and control group (P<0.05). Histopathological findings of gills showed that major lesion were hermorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia and edem. The results revealed, necrosis of gills were less for Acipenser persicus and Huso huso.

Determining the specifications of Passer domesticus nests was implemented from March 2009 to May 2010 in 3 parks which located in Shushtar city namely Kolah Farangi, Shahid Khedri and Darioon with 4000m2, 4.500m2 and 10000m2 areas, respectively. The majority of trees covers in these parks were Zizphus Spinachrist, Eucalyptus Camaldulensis, and Albizia Lebbeck. In this study, from 369 nests, 40 were measured in terms of nest length, width, depth, depth length, weight, height to ground and tree diameter. The results showed that the lowest length in nests and tree diameter were in Darioon park (n=16), the highest tree diameter, nest weight, and nest height to the ground were in Shahid Khedri park (n=15), and the lowest width, depth, depth length, weight and height to the ground were in Kolah Farangi park (n=9).

Regarding to estimate the catch per unit of area (CPUA) and demersal resources biomass in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, a series of monitoring research cruises were carried out from 2004 up to 2008 using the R/V Ferdows-1 equipped with stern trawl. The study area was from Khuzestan province in north-west of the Persian Gulf to Sistan-o-Baluchestan province in the east. The results of distribution pattern showed that the best fishing ground was restricted to the east and west of Hormuzgan province with emphasize on Bandar Abbas to Jask region. The next more abundance area belongs to Bushehr province waters due to the vast continental shelf area and also higher catch per unit of area. Amongst five strata of Sistan-o-Baluchestan province waters, the highest biomass and abundance were found in the fishing grounds of Gordeem, Rashedi and Konarak. A comparison between different depth layers, it was found that in the Persian Gulf, there is an ascending trend for biomass and CPUA with increase of depth with the highest values in depths of 30-50m. On the contrary, in the Oman Sea the highest biomass and CPUA were found in lower depths with the maximum value in depths of 10-20m.

Environmental pollution is a world-wide problem and pollutants resulting from heavy metals are one of the important one. The progress of industries has led to increased emission of pollutants into ecosystems. In this study, concentrations of heavy metals Cu, V, Ni and Al in surface waters of Gorganroud River measured in 15 sampling sites in spring 2010. For determination of heavy metals concentrations in surface waters we used Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The minimum and maximum amounts of these heavy metals were 0.27-62.07mg/l; 9-299mg/l; 2.20-121.30mg/l and 0.10-172.9mg/l for Cu, V, Ni and Al, respectively. The results also show that a heavy metals concentration has increased along the river from upstream to downstream.According to the instruction ECE (based on aluminum, copper and nickel) in surface water quality for aquatic life, Gorganroud River is classified in class 5 (aluminum and copper) and class 2 (Ni).

The Syrphidae family, Diptera order with 6000 species, is commonly named Hoverfly in USA and Flowerfly in Europe. The Syrphidae included three sub-families, Eristalinae, Microdontinae and Syrphinae which as yet sub-family Microdontinae not recorded from Iran. Sub-family Milesiinae has 12 tribes and sub-family Syrphinae has 3 tribes. Genus Heringia with one species normally H. heringi belongs to tribe Pipizini and Genus Platycheirus and its species as the largest within the sub family Syrphinae; it has two sub-genera, Platycheirus with 15 species and Pachysphyria with one species. The investigation was carried out during six months from April to August 2010 in east part of Tehran province. In advance 12 stations in Damavand and Firoozkooh were chosen by vegetation and topographic maps were set to include: Damavand, Abesard, Rine, Gilavand, Sarbandan & Derakhtebid (Mazrae), Cheshme, Poloor, Firoozkooh, Shahrabad, Kaboodband, Dashtemorgh and Abeask & Haraz River. Species mentioned in this research are found in three stations; Damavand (35˚43′N, 52˚04′E), Gilavand (35˚40′N, 52˚01′E) and Kaboodband (35˚46′N, 52˚33′E). Then sampling was done by sweeping net in 6 months, subsequently collected specimens were identified by using Stubbs (1986) key. These three species such as: Heringia heringi, Platycheirus sticticus and Platycheirus ambiguus are the first time reported from Iran.