فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 24 (بهار 1391)

Sudan Systems are low-pressure systems which originate from the Red Sea and their low-pressure isoheights are detectable around south of the Red Sea، Sudan and Ethiopia. The system، in cold seasons passes Ethiopia، Sudan and Red Sea and reaches to west of Iran and results in severe rainfalls in northwest، west and southwest of Iran. In all these synoptic-dynamic systems، low-pressure isobars or low isoheights are considerable. 11 severe storms which happened in southwest of Iran (1998-2008) are selected and using Japanese ReAnalysises data (JRA25)، anomalies of dynamic and thermodynamic indices، 2 days prior to the start of storm and during stormy days have been analyzed. The selected indices in this research are relative vorticity، convergence and divergence، vorticity advection، specific humidity and moisture advection. According to the results of this research and analyzing 6-hourly recorded rainfall amounts، it is understood that in the reference events، before the start of the storm، geopotential height values in the under-studied region decrease and at the time of maximum rainfalls، the geopotential height reaches its lowest values and by end of the storm، the values start increasing.; whereas parameters which are related to convergence and vertical movements، such as relative vorticity، moisture advection، convergence of moisture and specific humidity amounts correspond to the same trend of rainfall from the beginning to the end.

Undoubtedly، participation is a major factor in the process of sustainable economic activities، but the concentration of power among government institutions throughout the history of Iran caused to be faced with the challenge of popular institutions. In this research، organizations partnership in rural areas with the performance field''s and efficiency needs of residents، from the viewpoint of the people studied and Limited and facilitate indicators of political and administrative on participation from the perspective of rural development scholars and administrators has been reviewed and their impact on participation rates have been measured. Research method in this study from to goal is application and to methods was based on descriptive and analytical method، and methods of gathering information، using questionnaires، the survey sample size of 16 people responsible rural development experts and scientific experts is designed for 22 people. The results show that satisfaction of institutions and community organizations، Islamic Councils and، Dehyary''s، councils to resolve and Cooperative with 2. 3، 2. 1، 3. 5 and 2. 1 of 5 on the Likert type. The participation rate of people by government agencies as well as the mean 2. 6 is less than average. Research analytical findings also suggest that the significant correlation coefficient 0. 255 between Satisfactory weakness of institutions performance and reduce their participation with existing institutions in the villages there are. Also the significant correlation coefficient -0. 973 between the amounts of government intervention in the affairs of public institutions with the success rate of government institutions in attracting of people''s participation in organizations there are.

Geomorphological developed subjects concerning urban studies during past half century are different. Analysis of landsides vulnerability in the hillside of mountains، and the study of changes of surface drainage channels and their relations to urban developments، are some of these issues. This paper which is besed upon analytical mothod and its main tool is GIS software، tries to investigate the effect of urban constructions weight as effective factor on the accurance of slide movements and surface unatabilities creation in distric 1 of region 2 of Tehran municipality. First، coordinates and hight of 100 unstable points were collected. Weights of buildings materials were used to calculate total weights of buildings in study area. By overlaying the map of unstable points and weight distribution in five catagories (from very light to havey)، it is concluded that 53 % of unstable points are in areas were havey and new buildings are situated and remaing 47 % are within light weight building areas. Furthermore، most of the obsereved points were in wor-out urban texture.

the rapid growth of information and communication technology and the spread of its sphere of influence in all facets of human life have created dramatic changes in different fields. Considering the important role of ICT in urban society، the main aim of this study is ICT recognition، introduction of its characteristics as a new element، description of the impacts of ICT on the development and changes in urban land use planning، with emphasis on transport and traffic in Semnan. This study is an applied research and its research methodology is descriptive – analytic. Data collection tools are field studies. The causal relationships between variables are tested. The sample of this case study consists of the 384 citizens of Semnan city. Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used as the sampling method. Results show a linear model and direct relationships between ICT and organization of urban land use and spatial organization of urban space and consequently the reduction of the traffic. All hypotheses assuming the positive impacts of ICT were confirmed.

One of the main factors in tourism marketing، word of mouth is intended to attract tourists to the area. Because many consumer products، especially in services، such as tourist attractions which are nontangible and so the visit can not be used to evaluate. Hence the need to pay attention to advertising oral، as a major factor in the marketing of rural tourism will be considered. Since the pave private with the tourist attractions and ecotourism such favorable conditions for rural tourism is accepted. Therefore، the use of rural tourism، the use of Word of Mouth advertising، we analyzed in the paveh private. Statistical Society of research has been tourists that the survey had participated in the study area. Sample size of 368 patients was determined using the formula of Cochran. Methods used in this study a library study and field survey and analytic – applied. To answer the research hypotheses SPSS software and single-sample t-test، Pearson''s correlation test and simple linear regression is used. Research findings indicate that Tourists visited the pave private largely of Word of Mouth advertising as their main source of travel information used. Results of the study، According to Word of Mouth advertising and factors affecting its effectiveness، to attract more tourists the study area provides.

Experiences of different communities in the planning، planners and professionals faced with the fact that rural development planning system base fundamental political، social، and economic or other، to achieve national development is huge. According to the concept of rural development in general and specifically with the nature and multi-stage process، so changes in the pillars of economic، social، psychological، technical، environmental and ideological centers of rural affairs in order to achieve this fundamental. The realization of an integrated and sustainable development in the centers themselves subject to evolution and development are the foundations. Because of the economic and social issues with a special role in the developments are، according to the factors in the development of this size are vital. Rural areas in South Khorasan province، especially in terms of geographical area Nehbandan city development indicators than other areas of the country are experiencing disadvantage. This paper attempts to identify the basic requirements to achieve economic and social development in rural villages Nehbandan Shusf city and its priorities can be addressed using fuzzy TOPSIS. The research and descriptive - analytical and research methodology in the field is a combination of techniques، methods and documentation. Sample size of 130 households، and with the help of formula Kukran were randomly selected. The results showed that the highest priority in order to increase revenue is to achieve economic and social development and the dominance of agricultural activities and low productivity in the economy. The next priority to employment stability and its parameters such as diversification، increasing the financial capital - the tools، partnerships، changes in patterns of housing and health conditions have improved.

Coastal regions are places where hydrosphere، atmosphere، lithosphere and biosphere are interacted and are high active areas where major part of world soci economic، industrial activities and etc are taken place. Furthermore nearly 50 percent of the world''s populations are distributed in these regions. Usually، coastal areas are affected by ecological interaction by land as well as sea. According to physical and human characteristics، internal and external forces and processes، these areas always prone by several natural hazards such as floods، sliding، tidal waves، and strong winds. Based on this situation، the coastal zone management and planning require several researches for land identification and characteristic analysis. The aim of this research is hazard analysis of flow process on land (water and wind) and effective processes on land formation in part of the Persian Gulf coastal region. This can provide the basic and essential resources and facility for planning and management. We used AHP techniques and pair comparative matrix to obtain weights of each indicator using the EXPERT CHOICE software. Also to combine variables and rating them was done by linear undimensional in GIS environment by ARC GIS has. Several satellite image data namely Land sat ETM + acquired in 2002 and QUICK BIRD (2008) along with field data and thematic maps have been used as data input for running the model and result extracting in this research. Final output of this research is classification in terms of hazard zonation according to the assessment and analysis of variables. (Very high، high، low and vary low hazard zones). Based on this zonation، areas around Bushehr and Mond river sand around cities are high and very high hazard areas. We recommend further studies focusing on socioeconomics، hydrodynamics and sea and river monitoring data for increasing the accuracy of results.