فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی
پیاپی 43 (زمستان 1390)

One of main issues related to the process of globalization is survival or persistence of national identities in the mainstream of global economy and culture. Different views have been presented in this respect. One of them claims that globalization has a negative effect on national identities, and eliminates the differences. Others, however, state an opposite view. This paper has identified three fundamental but different approaches and examined them by the research’s data. These three approaches are: extreme globallists’ approach, skepticals’ approach and transformists’ approach. This investigation has been carried out by survey method among the students of Tabriz University. the most important finding in this research is the relationship between process of globalization and national identity. It means that increasing in process of globalization lead to decrease in national identity. Therefore, it shows that the first and the third approach would be accepted the most prominent findings states that increasing globalization identity leads to, reducing national identity of students. Theoretically, it means that among the mentioned triple approaches, the first and third approaches are confirmed; while, according to available data, the second approach is not confirmed.

this investigation is seeking for the impact of family form on psychedelic abusing in youth aged 19-35 in Tehran city. It has been a cross sectional study and the population has been all of youth aged 19-35 living in Tehran. Using a cluster Sampling, 6281 people were selected. The instrument of investigation has been a demographic questionnaire and Beck depression inventory. Also the effect of family form on psychedelic abusing was evaluated by another questionnaire. After gathering data we used SPSS version 16, for chi square and variance analysis. there is a significant and positive relationship between family form and depression, also depression has been high among psychedelic abusers and there is significant correlation between family form and psychedelic abusing.

spouse abuse is one of the most common crimes in every society. It caused lots of concerns in society among families, politicians and the others. While, earning social life skills makes people more powerful in front of problems. This research is seeking to determine the relationship between life skills and wife abuse in couples referred to family courts in Tehran. This is a descriptive study. 280 patients (140 couples) whom referred to family courts in Tehran were selected by using a quota sampling. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, life skills questionnaire and a wife abuse questionnaire, content validity and reliability method (r = 0 / 88) test-retest method have been used, respectively. The results have shown that there is a significant relationship between life skills and spouse abuse (P <005). couples must be trained before marriage; training life skills reduces the rate of wife abuse.

The purpose of this article is examination of factors related to youth violence in kerman `s prison. As violence has very extent meaning, we have studied on two kinds of violence which are murder and mayhem. This study is done by survey method. Data has been collected by using the technique of questionnaire and interview. All of the prisoners who had such background were examined (123 people). Variables of gender, marital status, association with delinquent friends, battle groups membership, aggression confirmation, crime justification, deviant label, being interested in aggressive films, to be laid off school and drinking alcohol, abusing drugs and using ecstasy have a significant relationship with youth violence. men do murder and mayhem more than women. The most who had violent background have been single, members of battle groups, laid off school, confirm aggression, justify their crime, being interested in aggressive films and finally they use alcohol, drug and ecstasy more than others.

relatively young population of Iran, experiencing difficulties due to the Imposed War, embargos, and immigration to Tehran looking for a job, show the necessity of this research which is concerning the frequency and severity of psychopathology in unemployed young men of Tehran. It has been a causal - comparative research. 229 employed and 248 unemployed 25-35 years old men in Tehran, were selected according to their ages, educations, and marital status, data has been gathered by using demographic questionnaire and SCL-90-R software Raw. Numbers and the means of the employed and unemployed groups were compared by "t -student". For evaluating the amount of severity and frequency of symptoms, "Chi- square", were used. The mean of the 9 dimensions and 3 general indices GSI, PST, and PSDI between two groups were compared. The mean values of all 9 dimensions of SCL-90-R and 3 general indices in unemployed group were significantly higher than the employed (p<0.95).The highest rate in the unemployed: obsession–compulsion scale (1.29), their lowest: 0.57 (sensitivity in reciprocal relations). The highest mean in the employed: obsession–compulsion scale (0.97) and their lowest in sensitivity in reciprocal relations scale(0.46).The frequency of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed was 32%,and in the employee was 0.27. Severity of psychopathology in unemployed men were significantly more than employees. The frequency and severity of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed men is significantly higher than the employed. With respect to the unemployment regardless of being the cause or the effect, the young unemployed men need both a job and psychiatric treatment.

The present study has been carried out in order to determine the efficacy of the solution focused approach in decreasing the tendency for divorce in Isfahanian men and women who are susceptible to divorce. The solution_ Focused approach is one of the brief treatment methods which emphasize the subject's role in solution finding with the help of a counselor. It was a quasi experimental study. The research population includes the couples consulting Isfahan's "crisis intervention'' center. The study sample includes 32 couples whom were chosen as the available sample and divided randomly between the experiment and control groups. The research tool is The Rusbult et al (1986) divorce susceptibility questionnaire. for analyzing the data not only the descriptive methods have been used but also scatter analyzing was used. The solution Focused approach is effective for conjugal harmony (p<0.001).

The present study aimed to introduce the temporary marriage and to evaluate its position in Tehran. this is a descriptive study. 395 residents of Tehran were selected either single or married. An attitude questionnaire was used for gathering the data. The results of the study have shown that there is at least 9.1 of temporary marriage in the families of the study sample. 25% of the cases said that they were ready for temporary marriage. Culture, family objection, logical objection and permanent wife’s objection are the main obstruct for temporary marriage in Iran. Also, men, single people, employed people, residents of the south and people with a history of temporary marriage in their family have tendency toward temporary marriage. Although 25 % of the study population was inclined to temporary marriage, its prevalence in the society is about 9 %. The main obstacles for temporary marriage are culture and family.

Changes in the quality of life are portrait of Human development. Based on Inglehart and Welzel comprehensive approach to human development, the concept includes three dimensions of socio-economic, cultural modernization and democratization of the society. The present study aims at elaborating on the situation of cultural modernization in the villages at transition and responding to the question of: "whether these groups of villages, which enjoy relatively of a higher level of socio-economic development, have experienced cultural modernization or not?

Cultural modernization is measured by three variables of individualism, secularization and scientific orientation. The study is conducted through a combination of quantitative techniques (survey, review of literature and questionnaire) and qualitative methods. For the analysis of data, technique of in-depth interviews with respondents has been applied to grasp a better understanding of their responses.

The findings show; in the processes of human development inhabitants of villages at transition have experienced cultural modernization, however it has not been an inclusive process of covering multi-dimension of cultural modernization. while, to some extent moral individualism has prevailed among people but the majority have not moved towards secular mentality. Their thought, attitudes and behaviors are dependent on super-natural factors and the influence of religious beliefs is not limited to their private domain of life. Also residents of these types of villages in response to the question of:" why a phenomenon exists or occurs?" have used a paradoxical combination of science and religion in their explanations.

It seems this type of cultural modernization, which its main attribute, is imbalance among three dimension of the concept, reports the historical roots of religious beliefs and its sustainability through the processes of human development and social changes in the villages at transition.

Price subsidization and income transfers have their main purposes- decreasing the price of essential items and providing some degree of social protections- in Iran's social protection system. Instead, price subsidies have led to increasing wasteful consumption, which distort production incentives and increase social division. This is why targeting subsidies, particularly energy, basic commodities and drug subsidies, have been the main source of concerning among the politicians for almost last two decades. Cash payment is a method that the government has been trying to implement. Critics of the government's social policy emphasize on the economic as well as social consequences of cash payment method. Including: hyper-inflation, increased costs of production and invariable amount of consumption in short run. Lack of a reliable comprehensive data bank has been the main obstacle to an effective targeting. This study shows that due to the asymmetric information between government and individuals, cash payment, based on means-tested approach, is not an effective method of subsidy payment. This study, then suggests a self-selection method which is a way that individuals with different characteristic types can select the different baskets. Therefore, targeted household groups are separated in to four different groups with different performances over combinations of cash and in-kind subsidies. Government can offer each group a specifically designed basket consists of different combination of cash and in-kind subsidies. individuals by selecting right basket not only reveal their own type but also reduce the cost of government `s subsidizing program. Designing right baskets for right household groups in practice is the main challenge.

The issue of participation and political legitimacy for the political stability and continuity is a fundamental principal. All the various times, political legitimacy as a quality of government has been associated with obedience. This study presents a sociological analysis of the relationship between participations, legitimacy and social factors which affect the political legitimacy among social groups of Babol, based on the views of participation, legitimacy and the legitimacy crisis. The research method is survey (Casual- comparative). The result from this research shows that there is not significant relationship between legitimacy and participation but there is a significant relationship between the social status of the groups and their attitude concerning the legitimacy of political system. There is also a significant relationship between the social status of the groups and their tendency toward democracy. While, according to this research, there is no significant relationship between the legitimacy of political system and political participation. The research data has indicated a high participation of respondents. While the Score of the respondents to legitimacy of political system is relatively low. Therefore, there is a large gap between the real attitude of the respondents to legitimacy of political system and the behavior of respondents (social participation).

The aim of this study is to investigate the psychological problems and the attitudes of the families residing in the 6th district of Tehran toward psychiatric illnesses. an individual over the age of 15 from 1830 families (586 males and 1244 females) out of 59112 families residing in the 6th district were recruited through stratified random sampling procedure and were administered the demographic questionnaire, SCL-90, and the Attitude Questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance. 535 people (29.2%) have shown one or more mental health problems. The prevalence has been higher among women (30.4%) than men (26.8%). Also the results of the Attitude Questionnaire have revealed that believing in the incurability of psychiatric problems (20.7%), the effectiveness of marriage in recovering from psychiatric illnesses (59.4%), and the addictiveness of psychotropic medications (85.4) have been more prevalent than other items. The high prevalence of psychiatric problems, negative attitudes toward mental illness, drug abuse and seizure disorders in the families residing in the district indicate the necessity of prevention and treatment of these problems and improvement of the attitudes of these families.

Providing suitable facilities for the handicapped that have moving disability and have to use wheelchairs, is mandatory by a law published in 2004. The responsible person of all community service buildings are obliged to provide minimum standards for convenient access and use for the handicapped. In this study the community service places of Sari, were evaluated. This has been a cross-sectional study done in 2010. Buildings were randomly selected when there were many samples, however, all were assessed if were unique or less than 4. A check list was developed according to governmental standards. Content validity was obtained by consultation with experts and consumers. Reliability was tested by the "test-re-test" method (using Pearson correlation Coefficient, r=0.77). Two hundred and twelve buildings in 5 categories (health care, community services, educational, residential and leisure activities) were assessed by 11-20 items regarding the function and services to provide. The included items were: presence of ramp, sliding door, lift, handicap sign, reserved parking place, suitable bathroom, toilet, special mattress, height adjustable bed. Scales for evaluation were as; existed as standard, existed but not as standard, and not existed. The administrative asked if there was routine inspection visits by responsible bodies. Data entered the SPSS (16) software for analyzing. eighty two community service buildings (bank, post office, registry office), 75 health centers (hospital/clinic/physiotherapy/radiology/pharmacy), 31 educational buildings, 16 entertaining/leisure places (cinema, park, restaurant, gymnasium) and 8 residential buildings (hotels, sanatorium), were evaluated. Routine periodic and formal administrative inspections were hardly performed for evaluated facilities. In most centers there have not been any standard slopes. In almost all above-mentioned centers, there were no signs, parking space, and even restrooms dedicated to handicapped. Only 8% of facilities for community services, 12.5% of residential buildings and 3% of health centers had standard slope. There were no suitable beds, toilet and bathrooms in hotels. Despite the existence of law in the country and international standards, almost all basic community buildings are unsuitable for the disabled people, yet they are not under routine surveillance. Planning for correct performance of laws is necessary and essential