مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیستم شماره 2 (پیاپی 85، خرداد و تیر 1391)

One of the coeliac disease(CD) symptoms is infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we are not cognizant of any CD reports in pregnancy in Iran. Therefore, this study aims to prospectively estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed CD in a population of pregnant women as well as its complications in pregnancy. 796 pregnant women with mean age of 26 years(SD= 26) and mean pregnancy duration of 5.4 months participated in this descriptive study from 2007 to 2008. Total IgA test and antitissue transglutaminase(tTGA) antibodies were measured. Those with positive TGA underwent histological biopsy specimens according to modified Marsh classification. A positive CD serology for tTGA was obderved in 17(2.1%) out of 796 pregnant women. Out of the 17 seropositive patients, 10 had abnormal histology compatible with CD(Marsh I-IIIc) symptoms. Two pregnant women had already experienced miscarriage. Moreover, 3 patients had born low birth weight babies. In this study, there was no significant relationship between CD and high incidence of adverse outcomes. Overall, 1 out of 66 pregnant women(1.5% rate of prevalence) suffered from CD. Celiac disease shows different severity in different individuals. In other words, not every celiac patient is at high risk for its complications. This may propose that gluten free diet could be avoided in the patients who have a normal pregnancy.

Garlic has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity in some studies; however its effect on fibrosarcoma is not evident. This study intends to examine the preventive and curative effects of fresh garlic extract and its aerial parts on the growth of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells in Balb/c mice.

In this preclinical study, 48 female inbred Balb/c mice(6 to 7 weeks old) were divided in to 6 groups of 8 each. A single aliquot of WEHI-164 cells(5 × 106 cells/100 μl) was injected subcutaneously in the chest of animal. Two weeks before or three weeks after cell injection, 0.2 cc of normal saline or 20 mg/kg extract of garlic or its aerial parts were injected intraperitoneally(IP) to the Balb/c mice. The tumors sizes were compared with each other, using ANOVA test. The antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of the extracts were also assessed.

The mean sizes of tumor growth in groups which received fresh garlic extract or its aerial parts were smaller than that of control group. However this difference was significant on the 21st day only in garlic extract group(p<0.05). The antioxidant power of fresh garlic involved 35.6%, whereas for its aerial parts it was 15.3%. Moreover, the general amount of phenol in fresh garlic was 12.61 mg/g and in its aerial parts was 2.44 mg/g.

Garlic consumption might have a crucial role in prevention and control of fibrosarcoma growth. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of garlic aerial parts are less in comparison to garlic itself, however, higher doses might have anticancer activity

Allergic diseases are among the common diseases in children and one of the common causes of disability in many societies. Increased incidence of these diseases in recent years in many countries has been reported. Allergies in children have several risk factors, including maternal stress during pregnancy. In this descriptive-analytic study, 290 pregnant women referred to two general and private hospitals in Yazd were studied. Subjects were selected during 2010 by non-randomized simple sampling. Anxiety level in pregnant mothers was determined by PRAQ (Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire). IgE (Immunoglobulin E) levels in Cord blood and maternal blood were determined by ELISA method. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Our findings showed that the average anxiety score in mothers whose newborns had IgE level above 0.35 IU/ml is more than mothers whose babies blood IgE was less than 0.35 IU/ml, and there was a significant relationship between cord blood IgE level and pregnancy anxiety score (P<0.001). There wasnt any significant relationship between other variables such as gender, gestational age and birth weight with cord blood IgE levels (P> 0.05). It seems that anxiety and fear during pregnancy are risk factors for elevation of cord blood IgE level in newborns.

Episiotomy is one of the most common surgery interventions that is performed to facilitate the delivery. This study intends to determine the role of phenytoin cream on Episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women because phenytoin cream has antibacterial and anti-inflammation effects and accelerates effects of tissue repair. This is a double-blind clinical trial included 120 primiparous women in the age range of 18-35 underwent Episiotomy and referred to alzahra Medical Training Center of tabriz(2010). The cases were randomly selected and divided into two Phenytoin and Betadin(60 for each). After delivery all of the patients used this creams daily. Recovery assessment was conducted 24 h. and, also, 10 days after birth and was measured by REEDA scale (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation).Data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square, U-mann Whitney test, repeated- measurement design using SPSS/16. Comparison of the REEDA(Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation) scores within the first 24 h. after delivery showed that mean scores in study and control groups were, respectively, 4.81 ± 1.87 and 5.07± 1.89. There are statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). By the tenth day of labor the mean score of the REEDA test in study group was 1. 1 ± 1. 15 and control group was 4.01 ±1.43. There was significant difference between both groups (P<0.001). Findings showed that use of topical phenytoin increases rapidity of Episiotomy wound healing. It is recommended to accelerate wound healing of Episiotomy on primiparous women.

Postpartom hemorrhage is one of the most major problems that threaten the mother's health and is regarded as one of the most important reasons for mortality specially in the developing countries. So far, many studies have been conducted in regard to effectiveness of chemical and herbal medicine on decrease of Postpartom hemorrhage. This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of date (Rutab) on postpartum hemorrhage. This is a clinical trial study in which 94 subjects, having the adequate criteria for the research, were selected in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. The participants were divided into two groups. In the first group, immediately after placenta delivery infusion, 20 unit oxytocin in 1000 ml 5% dextrose in water with normal salin solution(group 1) were given, whereas in the second group, infusion of 10 unit oxytocin in 1000 ml 5% dextrose in water with normal salin solution associated with 100 gram date (Rutab) were given and the patients were required to have them in 10 minutes. At the same time a plastic and a cotton sheet were widen under the patients. Blood loss was determined by regular weighting of the buttocks that were previously weighted. The difference was calculated before and after weight (1 gram increase in weight was considered to be equivalent to 1ml blood). Data were submitted to SPSS software and then analyzed by T-test, Chi-squre, Mann-whitney. The two groups were homogenous in regard to all the variables. The study results indicated that the bleeding mean was 127/11 ml at the two hour after delivery in the first group and 68/5 ml in the second group. There was a significant difference between postpartum hemorrhages of the two groups Since date(Rutab) was more effective than infusion oxytocin on post partum hemorrhage and no side effect was reported for that, it is recommended that its significance will be prposed to related specialist. Moreover, extra investigations are necessitated for future studies.

Coronary angiography is frequently applied for diagnostic purposes in patient with coronary artery disease. There is no consensus about the optimal time for the ambulation on patients following femoral arterial puncture. This study intended to investigate the differences between 6 hours of complete bed rest and 2 hours of complete bed rest for the patients after angiography. This clinical trial study was performed in 100 patients candidated for coronary angiography. The patients were randomly divided in to experimental and control groups. Primarily, demographic data was filled, and then intervention was done for two groups. The arterial sheath was immediately removed after the procedure. Hemostasis was achieved by manual compression and maintained with sandbags. Early ambulation was performed after two hours of supine bed rest following sheath removal. The incidence of bleeding and hematoma was documented in 24 hours after the procedure. Our findings were indicative of no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index, catheter size, total procedure duration, total hemostasis time, history of anticoagulant drag use and coagulation tests before angiography. Ambulation of 2 hours after angiography via the femoral artery is as feasible and safe as that of 6 hours of bed rest. Therefore, an early ambulation protocol can shorten hospital stay without significant vascular complication.

In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia may represent an increased risk for coronary cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for cardiovascular disease based on polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes in Shiraz. This Cross-sectional study was performed on 3200 students aged 18-14. Demographic survey, clinical signs of androgen excess (acne, hirsutism, alopecia), Ultrasound were applied in order to find the cyst. Tests included prolactin, dehydroepiandrodion sulfate, and oral glucose tolerance test, fasting blood glucose, blood sugar two hours later, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein. Data were submitted to SPSS software, version 11.5 and then analyzed by chi-square tests. The serum cholesterol mean in four phenotypes had a statistically significant relationship with non-PCOS patients(p<0.05). Mean of serum cholesterol in oligomenorrhea, Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary phenotype (195.09±30.28) was higher than the other phenotypes. Mean of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) were significantly higher in patients with Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian phenotype(130.046±26.27) and oligomenorrhea, Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype(138.58±28.34) compared with non-infected individuals. Serum glucose mean in all phenotype was higher than non-infected after two hours and it showed a significant relation in oligomenorrhea and also polycystic ovarian phenotype(98.03 ± 20.98 versus 87.5±12.97) with non-infected individuals. Biochemical factors that lead to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is increased in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, it should be attended in prevention programs

Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by an oral burning sensation, usually in the absence of clinical and laboratory findings. BMS is estimated to involve 1 to 5% of the adult population and is mostly reported within middle-aged women. The etiology of this disease is not thoroughly identified yet and there is a debate over the significance of Psychological factors in creating BMS. This study intended to examine the relationship between psychological factors with pain reports and psychosocial profiles of BMS patients to determine whether psychological factors are related to pain reports and burning mouth of patients. Therefore frequencies of psychological factors were analyzed. 30 patients with BMS participated in this study. They were homogenous regarding age, sex with the control group. In addition, education was possibly homogenized. The participants completed SCL-90 questionnaire for their anxiety, depression, somatic and psychotic symptoms to be scrutinized. Then, t-test was applied to analyze the research data. Mean of anxiety(case20/8, control 9/53), depression(case 26/53, control 13/40), somatic(case 23/7, control 15/26) and psychotic(case 19/60, control 8/10) symptoms were higher in BMS group rather than in control groups. T-test results indicated there was no statically significant difference between BMS and control group in regard to psychological symptoms(p< 0.0001). The study findings indicate that psychological disorders may predispose the patients to the development of BMS.

Thalassemia major is one of the most common chronic blood disorders that is characterized by reduced or lack of production of one or more globin chains. Treatment with transfusion programs, chelating therapy has considerably prolonged survival in thalassemic patients. Studies have demonstrated that chelation therapy regularly can prevent from disorders in growth of thalassemic children. This study intended to determine the effect of defroxamine injection on physical growth in children with Thalassemia major. This is a descriptive-analytical investigation in which 500 children with thalassemia major were enrolled by using systematic random sampling. The patients were the ones who attended to Shiraz transfusion centers and were divided into two groups of defroxamine group who had defroxamine injection before and the control group in which the patients did not receive any defroxamine injection. Data were collected by measuring the height, weight, arm and head circumference and interviewing with parents of children. SPSS software was utilized to analyze the data through inferred statistic tests(chi-square and variance analysis). The results indicated that 62.8 percent of patients have regular defroxamine injection. There was a significant difference between two groups in regard to the mean height, weight and arm circumference(P=0. 001) and head circumference(P=0.02). The study findings demonstrated that chelation therapy will be effective in promoting the physical growth of children with Thalassemia major specially during the first years of life. It is recommended that patients receive regular blood transfusion with chelation therapy.

This study aimed at determining the impact of strength training on the rate of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor(nAChR) at fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles of rats.

Ten Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: control group(n=5) and strength-training group(n=5) which the latter group participated in a 10-week strength-training program. The strength training program consisted of climbing a 1-meter–long ladder set at 85° angle, with a weight attached to the rats’ tails. The attached weight was gradually increased from 35 g during the first session, to 600 g at the last session of the training program. Forty-eight hours after 10-week training, animals were anaesthetized with a mixture of Ketamine TM and Xylazine and the soleus and anterior tibialis were removed under sterile condition. After removal, tissues were quickly frizzed in liquid nitrogen and then were kept at -70 ° C for later usage. For nAChR assay, ELISA kit(Accurate Chemical, USA) was utilized.

The study results revealed that there was a significant difference between control and strength training groups in nAChR rate in both slow and fast twitch muscle (respectively, P= 0.00 and P=0.03). The results also showed that there was a significant difference among fast and slow twitch muscle’s nAChRs in strength(P=0.02), though such difference was not observed in control group(P= 0.07).

Regarding significant increase of nAChR in both slow and fast twitch muscles following strength training, strength training seems to play a crucial role in increase of nAChR in fast and slow twitch muscle through neurotrophic factors that contribute to synthesis and clustering of nAChR.

Studies have proposed that royal jelly(RJ) has various biological activities in different cells and tissues. Since it has been demonstrated that RJ contains compounds having desirable effects on central neurons system and neural functions, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of royal jelly on learning and memory in rats.

Male wistar rats were divided into two groups, the royal jelly and the control. In the RJ group, the rats received a food that contained 3% RJ instead of regular food for 10 days. Then learning and memory were investigated in these animals through both passive avoidance learning test(1 day and 1 week after receiving electrical shock) and Morris water maze test(1 day and 1 week after a 4-day learning period).

The study results indicated that the food containing RJ in the RJ group significantly increased the time of the first entrance to the dark room one week after the electrical shock in passive avoidance learning test. In other words, the findings suggest an improvement of learning and memory in RJ group. In the acquisition phase of Morris water maze test, rats receiving RJ found the underwater escape plate during less time and distance comparing with the control group. Furthermore, one week after the acquisition phase, in the retention phase, rats spent more time in the quadrant in which the escape plate was previously located.

The present study findings propose that Royal Jelly can improve cognitive processes through positive effects on neural functions and probably has a significant influence on prevention and therapy of some neuronal disorders.

Delivery is one of the most painful experiences to women throughout life; therefore, it seems essential to obtain remedies for labor pain relief, especially in regard to non-invasive methods. This study intends to compare effect of two methods of acupressure and ice massage on the pain severity, anxiety level and length of labor in nulliparous women In this experimental study, 165 nulliparous women were randomly assigned to three groups. First group: acupressure, Group II: ice massage, and group III: control. Each group consisted of 55 women. Intervention was exerted in cervical dilatation of 3-4 cm on LI-4 and intervention period lasted for 30 minutes. In the first group pressure and in the second group ice massage was applied. Labor pain and anxiety levels in the three groups were assessed by VAS and Spielberger state questionnaire in two stages. Duration of first and second stage of labor was compared in the three groups. There was a significant decrease in pain immediately after intervention in ice massage and acupressure groups in comparison to the control group (P≤0/001). Moreover, pain was decreased more in the ice massage group, whereas pain intensity was increased in the control group (P≤0/001). Anxiety level and the length of first and second stage of labor were significantly reduced (P≤0/001) in comparison with the control group. Both acupressure and ice massage lead to reduce pain intensity, duration of labor and level anxiety in nulliparous women, the ice massage appeared to be more influential

Today, c/s is performed as a usual surgery. Not only it involves a lot of facilities, hospital beds, and specialists, but also risk of death for mother and baby is more than natural childbirth. This study intends to investigate the prevalence and causes of cesarean section in Yazd Province as a first step to reduce caesarean section. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yazd province during one year. Using regulatory forms, all the indications and deliveries for cesarean were reviewed. The Population was 24,407 people, according to which actuarial equivalent samples were studied in this study. Data were analyzed by spss software. The results showed 44.5 /. of all deliveries were done with Cesarean section in which 74 / of them were non-emergency and 26.5 % were emergency cases. Moreover, the reasons of Caesarean section were investigated and results indicated that the most common reason in non-emergency cases were previous caesareans, whereas regarding emergency caesareans, it was fetal distress. The present study reveals high rates of caesarean section in comparison with global statistics. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the necessary trainings and increase awareness of the complications of cesarean delivery to decrease it.

Today revising and rethinking of the appearance and eliminating its flaws, real or imaginary, through cosmetic surgery is the main concern of some individuals. This study was conducted in order to compare the body image, depression and anxiety disorders between applicants of cosmetic surgery and non-applicants. The present study is of cause–comparison type. Cosmetic surgery applicants involved 62 participants who were selected by available sampling from those who referred to specialized centers for cosmetic surgery in Urumia during a three-month period; the non-applicants were homogenized with applicants regarding their age, gender, and level of education who were selected from the applicants’ relatives. So the study subjects were 124 individuals. Data were collected via a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, SCL-90-R and PSDQ questionnaires. The data were submitted to SPSS (ver. 16) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA), and t-test. Results showed that there is a significant difference between applicants for cosmetic surgery and non-applicants in regard to body image, depression and anxiety disorders. Like other medical specialties, cosmetic surgical interventions should undergo precise clinical trial before exerting on the patients. Therefore, Assessment and encouraging patients to refer to psychiatrists and consultants before operation is significant.

One of the important challenges in patient with chronic diseases specially diabetes is adherence to therapy of treatment. While the patients don’t follow the treatment program, They get into critical consequences like relapse of illness, intensification of disability, necessity of emergency and hospitalization. So the present study intended to investigate the relationship between health locus of control, slip memory and physician – patient relationship with aherence to therapy.

To carry out this research, 115 adults with type Π diabetes(men and women) who had referred to Glands clinic of Sina hospital in Tabriz from June to August 2010, completed the following five research questionnaires: demographic information questions, patient – doctor relationship questionnaire(PDRQ-19), General Aherence to therapy Scale(GAS), Prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire(PRMQ), and Multidimensional health locus of control(MHLC). In order to analyze the data, both descriptive and inferred statistics were applied including Pearsons correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis methods.

The study findings indicated that there exist a positive significant relation between external health locus of control(other- powerful), internal health locus of control and desired physician- patient relationship with adherence to therapy in diabetic patients of type Π. However, results revealed a negative significant relationship between slip memory and adherence to therapy.

The study results proposed that the patients with diabetes type Π, who regard more powerful individuals as responsible for their health like their physician, believe in their own role in control of their health in the second place. Furthermore, they had a desired relationship with their physicians, showed less slip memory, and displayed more adherence to therapy.