Journal of Studies in Medical Sciences
Volume:23 Issue: 2, 2012

The myocardial infarction is the interruption of blood circulation heart that causes its cells to die. This deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen, and causes chest pain, and pressure sensation. Hypertension and other risk factors like high cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity can lead to coronary heart diseases with symptoms of depression and anxiety that predict subsequent mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction in selected hospitals of Urmia, in 2009. This study was a quasi-experimental study that comprised 124 patients that were selected randomly and divided into two groups. The experimental group was educated by a face to face training and educational booklet. Control group did not receive any intervention. The level of anxiety and depression was evaluated by using HADS questionnaire at three intervals. After 48 hours of admission, discharge day and 2 months after discharge. The findings suggest that MI patients worried about their social role, interpersonal relations and personal health, which can exacerbate symptoms and complicate their future care. There was no significant difference between control and experimental groups before the intervention. But after the intervention, anxiety, and depression in the experimental group was significantly less than control group (P<0. 05). Considering the beneficial effects of intervention on reducing anxiety and depression in such patients, the patient’s education should be one of the health care goals. Most researches may also be required to confirm the results in other groups of patients.

Having optimism, self-efficacy, and less anxiety in social situation is very determinant in psychological well-being. The purpose of the present study was to in investigate the relationship between social anxiety, optimism, and self-efficacy with psychological well-being in students. This descriptive-correlative study included 400 students (200 male and 200 female) that were selected by cluster sampling in Tabriz University. Data gathering tools were Watson’s social anxiety questionnaire, Petterson test attributive style, Sherer’s self-efficacy scale and Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire. The results were analyzed in the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression model (stepwise) by SPSS.16. The finding showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between social anxiety and psychological well-being. And there was a positive significant relationship between optimism and psychological well-being and likewise between self-efficacy and psychological well-being. On the other hand, the result of regression analysis showed that variables optimism, self-efficacy and social anxiety are explanation 33% of psychological well-being variance. Based on finding, with increased of optimistic views and self-efficacy and development programs for decrease social anxiety can be improved psychological well-being of people.

Nowadays stem cell therapy is the common methods for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies have shown that although transplantation of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) in injured spinal cord promotes motor function but leads to development of neuropathic pain (NP). Since bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are commonly used in treatment of SCI, we sought to investigate whether intraspinaly injection of these cells develop NP. Adult female wistar rats (n=24) were used. BMSCs were cultured and prelabeled with Brdu. Contusion model of SCI was performed at T8-9 level using New York University Device. The rats were divided into the three groups of 8 animals including: a control group, an experiment group and a sham group. In control group only a laminectomy was performed, the experiment group received (3×105 BMSCs) intraspinaly seven days after injury. The sham group received serum in the same way. Locomotion was assessed using BBB test and NP was assessed by withdrawal threshold test weekly and for eight weeks. Significant improvement was observed in the BBB scores in experiment group (P<0.05) compared to sham group and there was a significant difference in withdrawal threshold means between sham and experiment groups (P< 0.05). The present study has shown that intraspinaly transplantation of BMSCs can improve significantly locomotor recovery and also lead to developing of NP, so it is required for development of methods for attenuation of NP in cell therapy studies in future

Previous studies demonstrated that immunomodulation maybe a helpful approach for treatment of diabetes type 1. L-glutamine, a non toxic inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP), has immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this drug on the level of fasting blood sugar and pancreases lesions in male C57BL/6 diabetic mice.

Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice randomly allocated in 4 groups (N=5) (positive control, pre induction treatment, post induction treatment, normal group). Seven days after final streptozotocin (STZ) induced dosage, blood sample collected from mice and evaluated for fasting blood sugar by automatic Glucometer. In addition, 14 days after final STZ induced dosage, mice were euthanized and pancreases were collected and stained with H&E. The slides were evaluated for leukocytic infiltration, edema, congestion, degeneration and ticknessing of blood vessels in pancreatic langerhans islets. For statistical analysis, we used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe test, SPSS 19 (for pathological data), and Tukey’ test for other data.

Mice that received L-glutamine showed significantly decreased levels of fasting blood sugar (199 for preinduction group and 218 for post induction) and histopathological lesions of pancreases (p<0.05).

L-glutamine has an effective role in treatment of diabetes type1 and maybe used in new future for treatment of human diabetes type1.

Metabolic acidosis can be harmful and can complicate cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We hypothesized that the pump prime can cause this disturbance. We compared effects of Ringer solution with Ringer Lactate, two types of priming fluid in producing metabolic acidosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). .. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial 50 patients undergoing CABG were evaluated at Seiedalshohada hospital of Urmia-Iran. Sampling of arterial blood was performed at three time intervals: Before CPB (t1), 5 minutes after initiation of CPB(t2), and at rewarming period (t3). Measurement of pH, HCO3, PaCO2, Lactate and Cl at each collection point were performed and the results were analyzed. The decrease in pH was seen in both groups and was significant between two groups in the second interval (Ringer: 7.38±0.05 vs. Ringer Lactate: 7.41±0.05, p=0.02). Also in this interval, Lactate had significant difference (Ringer: 2.44±0.9 mmol/L vs. Ringer Lactate: 3.2±0.4 mmol/L, p=0.02) and serum level of chloride was higher in Ringer group (Ringer: 116.6±3.08 mEq/L vs. Ringer Lactate: 113.4±3.9 mEq/L, p: 0.0002) Our findings showed that Ringer Lactate solution in comparison with Ringer had fewer effects on acid-base changes during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients under coronary artery bypass graft.

Female sexual dysfunction can be caused by a range of factors, which vary from one individual to the next. Fatigue, daily responsibilities and multiple roles of women, personal psychological problems including depression, anxiety disorders, and guilt feeling can impact a woman's sexual function. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between female sexual dysfunctions with depression, anxiety, and stress. The present study is a project of correlation method. Participants were 330 women who were randomly selected among patients of gynecology clinics. The questionnaires of female sexual dysfunctions and depression, anxiety and stress Lewinda scale were used as instruments for data collection. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the tests, the data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation,and regression analyses. In general, this study demonstrated that female sexual dysfunction was associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of regression analysis showed that depression and anxiety were significant predictors of female sexual dysfunction (p= 0. 000). Depression and anxiety are factors influencing women's sexual dysfunction. So psychological counseling may be recommended. There is a need for more research and scientific reporting of women's sexual dysfunction including long-term outcome studies.

Obesity during childhood and adolescence in addition to acute symptoms plays a central role in a major component of the metabolic syndrome, the multiplex risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It has been established that cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence may predict risk of affection on cardiovascular disease in adults and exercise influence on these risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the response of plasma TNFα, CRP, IL-6 and leukocytes in immature overweight and normal boys to a single acute exercise

For this reason, 20 healthy male students (11-14 years-old) were selected randomly from volunteer subjects and divided into two groups (obese group, normal group). Then, after 5 min warming, every subject on ergometer cycle started cycling with 65-70% VO2 ax for 40 min. Blood samples were collected before, after, and one hour after exercise. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures (R-ANOVA) and post hoc LSD test.

The data that resulted from comparing two groups showed that there was no significant difference between leukocyte subclass (p> 0.05) but the level of Crp, TNFα, and IL-6 in overweight compared to normal group were significantly higher in three times (p< 0.05).

A period of intense exercise 65 to 70 percent VO2 max increased white blood cell subgroups response and increased inflammatory factors such as IL-6 in obese and normal immature boys.

The aim of the present study was to compare neural fatigue between four types of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In a retrospective method with an accidental sampling we chose 176 M.S. patients between all patients presenting to M.S clinic in Alzahra hospital in Isfahan city, during October 2009 to May 2010. They were then divided into four groups, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing remitting MS (RR MS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and primary progressive MS (PP MS). Data gathering tools were MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ) for patient and three subscales of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings from covarriate and multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the centroids of the neural fatigue in four subtypes of patients with multiple sclerosis (p < 0.0001). Since the main complaint of MS patients is chronic fatigue with negative emotion, it was with analyzing this factor that we could help these patients more effectively. Degenerative features like neural fatigue in MS patients can produce many problems for these patients and their families, so neuropsychology tries to comprehend these reflexes and is seeking for effective treatment to reduce these symptoms. Neural fatigue appraisal with simple and in handed instrument is one of the effective approaches to help these patients.

Nephrocalcinosis is defined as calcium deposition in renal parenchyma. Etiology of nephrocalcinosis varies depending on geographic and genetic conditions, age of study population and methods of different studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiology of nephrocalcinosis in children's Hospital of Tabriz. In this descriptive study, the profiles of 62 children with ultrasound diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis in Children's Hospital of Tabriz during the last 10 years (1999-2009) were reviewed. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory findings, underlying etiology of nephrocalcinosis and outcome were documented. The mean age at presentation was 23.4±36.2 months (1 month to 12 years). Thirty five (56.4%) patients were male and 27 patients (43.6%) were female. Failure to thrive was found in 54.8%, polyuria in 48.4% and polydipsia in 45.2% of patients. The most frequent underlying causes of nephrocalcinosis were distal renal tubular acidosis (30.6%), hypervitaminosis D (16%), medullary sponge kidney (8%), hyperoxaluria (8%) and bartter syndrome (6.5%). The cause of nephocalcinosis remained unknown in 6.5% of the cases. At the end of follow-up period 48 patients (77.4%) had normal glomerular filtration rate and 13 patients (20.9%) had decreased GFR that 4 of them (with diagnosis of hyperoxalluria) progressed to end-stage renal disease. One patient (1.6%) with barter syndrome died. Demographic features and etiologies of nephrocalcinosis in this study are similar to the other studies. While in comparison with literature, rate of GFR reduction is higher at the end of follow up period.

The use of TURP in detecting prostate cancer in patients with elevated PSA levels and positive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is controversial. In the present study we evaluated the role of TURP in detecting prostate cancer in these patients.

In this cross-sectional study a total of 40 patients with elevated PSA levels, positive LUTS and negative 10-12 core TRUS biopsies were evaluated. After a six month follow up, the patients with persistently elevated PSA levels and a second negative biopsy underwent TURP. All data including demographic, IPSS, DRE, PSA levels, TRUS biopsy and also TURP results were analyzed using T-Test.

After evaluating TURP results, 14 patients (35%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer (4 of which developed high grade prostate cancer, 6 had Gleason score 3+4 and 4 had Gleason Score 2+3). According to their age, PSA, IPSS and prostate size, there were no significant differences between the groups with and without cancer.

TURP is beneficial in detecting prostate cancer in patients with previously negative TRUS biopsies who have positive LUTS and elevated PSA level.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the most causes of retinal detachment and blindness. Although many studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of ROP, the exact mechanism is yet under investigation. This study aimed at evaluating the role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein (IGFBP-3), and leptin in ROP. In this case-control setting, 30 premature neonates with ROP (case group) and 41 premature without ROP (control group) were recruited during an 18-month period in Tabriz Alzahra Teaching Hospital. Patients with congenital or chromosomal anomalies were excluded. Serum VEGF, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin were measured by immunoassay method one month after birth. Finally, these serum parameters were compared between two groups.. The mean levels of serum VEGF, leptin, IGF-I and IGBFP-3 were 267.35±103.43 pg/ml, 0.64±0.41 ng/ml, 18.48±11.79 µg/l, and 592.51±472.85 ng/ml in the case group and 237.52±130.92 pg/ml, 0.79±0.83 ng/ml, 16.75±13.74 µg/l, and 995.46±422.19 ng/ml in the control group, respectively. The mean levels of serum VEGF, leptin and IGF-I were comparable between the two groups (p=0.305, 0.392 and 0.580, respectively). The median of serum IGFBP-3 was significantly lower in the case group (622.9 ng/ml vs. 868.2 ng/ml, p=0.001). The best cut-off point of serum IGFBP-3 in indiscriminating between the case and controls was ≤770.45ng/ml, with sensitivity and specificity of 65.9% and 66.7%, respectively. Based on our findings, supplementation with IGFBP-3 analogues may be beneficial in prophylaxis against or treatment of ROP.

Fasting following abdominal surgery is a traditional surgical practice based on fears of causing postoperative complications if oral intake begins before bowel function returns. However, supporting scientific evidence for this traditional practice is lacking and there are potential benefits from early postoperative of oral intake compared with parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and outcome of early oral feeding after elective colon anastomosis.

All patients who underwent elective colon anastomosis between 2009 – 2011were randomized to one of the following two groups: Group one: early oral feeding, patients received a clear liquid diet on the first postoperative day followed by a regular diet. Group two: feeding (delay) only after the resolution of their postoperative ileus. The patients were monitored for vomiting, bowel movements, time of regular diet consumption, complications, amount of serum received, and length of hospitalization.

Seventy-eight patients were studied, 38 patients in group one and 40 patients in group two. There were significant differences between the early and regular feeding groups in the overall complications and significant reduction of length of hospitalization, serum reception, postoperative ileus, vomiting, and abdominal distension, time of presence of flatus, postoperative nasogastric tube placement, morbidity, wound complications, and pneumonia in group one.

Early oral feeding is safe and can be tolerated by patients. Reduced length of ileus and shorter hospitalization may occur with multimodal protocols. Thus, it may become a routine feature of postoperative management in these patients. Further studies should focus on the cost effectiveness, patient's satisfaction, and other physiological changes.

Achillea is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of Achillea wilhelmsii hydro-alcoholic extract on indomethacine-induced gastric ulcer in rats. It was an interventional study and done on six groups of male Wistar rats (n=8 in each group). Three doses of Achillea wilhelmsii extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were given orally to three groups for three days. After the third day the indomethacine in methyl cellulose (1%) suspension were given orally to the rats and the animals were anesthetized after 6 hours and the pylorus ligatated for one hour. Then the gastric juice extracted and gastric acid titrated by NaOH. The preventive ratio, gastric mucus secretion, NP-SH compounds and lipid peroxidation were measured. Achillea wilhelmsii extract clearly prevented indomethacine- induced ulcer. The Achillea wilhelmsii extract reduced gastric acid secretion by 400 and 800 mg/kg doses compare to the indomethacine group. The extract increased gastric mucus which was significant by 800 mg/kg dose. NP-SH compounds increased significantly by 200 and 800 mg/kg doses in comparison the indomethacine group. Lipid peroxidation noticeably reduced by all three doses. The Achillea wilhelmsii extract showed obviously preventive effect on indomethacine-induced gastric ulcer. Although the potency of the extract on inhibition of gastric acid secretion and increase of gastric mucus secretion are important in this preventive effect but antioxidant effect of the extract is more prominent.