نشریه تولیدات گیاهی
سال سی و چهارم شماره 2 (زمستان 1390)

An experiment was conducted to determine bulbing time and growth analysis of Safid Behbehan, Gholi Gheseh Zanjan, Kamarei Khomain, Dorcheh Esfahan and Safid Ghom Landraces at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj at 2007 based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds were sown in nursery in early February and seedlings were transplanted in early May. Bulbing occurred in landraces from a photoperiod of 14 h and 21min (11 June) to 14 h and 32 min (7 July). The results of growth analysis showed a slow growth (about 75 days after emergence) and a rapid growth after that. Leaf blade growth continued after bulbing in all landraces, exception in Safid Qom landrace, that leaf blade growth stopped approximaitly simultaneously with bulbing. Also mentioned landrace had the highest bulb growth rate, crop growth rate and leaf area index. A high significant positive correlation (r =0. 69) was found between relative growth rate and net assimilation rate.Safid Behbahan landrace produced the minimum yield. According to results, we recommended Safid Qom landrace for planting at Karaj region.

Growth, nutrients concentration and quality of rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.(were evaluated under different potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels in the nutrient solution. This experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates on rose plants cultivar “Vendetta” under hydroponic conditions during 2007-2008 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center, Dezful, Iran. Rose plants were grown and irrigated with nutrient solutions having three K concentrations of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM in combination with two Ca concentrations of 1.6 and 4.8 mM. The results indicated that vegetative growth indices were not affected by different K and Ca concentrations in the nutrient solutions. Furthermore, increasing the K concentration in the solution significantly increased (P< 0.01) K concentration in rose parts, but markedly suppressed the Ca concentration of roots, leaves and petals as well as the Mg concentration of roots and leaves in rose plants. A regression relationship (r2= 0.78) was observed between the Ca and K concentrations of the leaves. However, application of Ca decreased K concentration in all of the rose parts and also increased the Ca concentration in various rose parts, expect leaves. At both harvesting dates of rose flowers, application of K at a concentration of 5.0 mM in nutrient solution, enhanced yield of the flowers more than the other K levels. Meanwhile, increasing the Ca concentration from 1.6 to 4.8 mM, markedly increased the yield of flowers. These results suggest that in order to decrease antagonistic effects between K and Ca and at the same time improving rose nutritional balance and yield, the application of combined 5.0 mM K and 4.8 mM Ca are recommended for Vendetta cut rose production in hydroponic condition.

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are valuable tools for many purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and plant breeding. However, they are only available in some economically important crops because of the high cost and labor intensity involved in their development. Comparative mapping reveals a high degree of colinearity between closely related species and genera, which allows the exchange of markers between them. Our objective was to examine the transportability of sorghum SSR markers to sugarcane (Saccharum spp) and maize (Zea mays). Out of 29 sorghum SSR markers, 20.7% and 6.9% were amplified in sugarcane and maize, respectively. SSR markers were informative, even though only six varieties of each species were examined. The number of fragments amplified by the polymorphic primers ranged from 4 to 9 with an average of 6.2 and 2-3 with an average of 2.5 in sugarcane and maize, respectively. Fragments amplified revealed size variation in target species, as compared to the sorghum markers. One marker, amplified among three related species, suggests that these allelic regions of the primer binding sites are conserved. These markers with transportability between species can be used for breeding and genetics studies.

Stomata have a sensitive role in plant physiology aspect investigation, specially under stress conditions. This experiment was carried out in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University Research Field in 2005 and 2006 under randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The main plots included three planting date (6 November, 26 November and 16 December) and the subplot were three wheat cultivar (Fong, Chamran and Star). The results showed that the deterrence of the aweraye of flag leaf water potential under planting date treatment was significant (1% level), but flag leaf water potential under different cultivars and the interaction between planting date and cultivars was not significant. RWC (relative water content) was different during grain filling and in four sampling in difference planting date and in cultivars for many sampling observed significant difference but the difference was not significant in cultivars interaction and planting date. Stomata conductance in different grain filling stages in planting date showed significant difference. Also under cultivars, there was a significant difference (1% level) but their interaction was not significant. The most stomata resistance was in third planting date and mean comparison of this character in cultivars showed that near the end of grain filling. The highest and lowest stomata conductance was in Fong and Chamran cultivars, 0.93 and 0.67 cm/s respectively. Planting date interaction and cultivar showed that the first sampling exception, in other grain filling period SPAD number influenced by them and in fourth sampling (28 days after flowering) the first and third planting date allocated 41.34 SPAD number to themselves respectively. Grain filling period coincident with heat stress in near the end of season, induced that effective parameters in yield (ψp, RWC, gs and chlorophyll density) located in undesirable conditions. Changing the planting date (late planting date) which caused coincident grain filling to more heat stress and made the sever effective on grain weight compare to biomass as effective of planting date on grain (1% level) had significant different and maximum seed single dry weight was 45.16 and 36.39 mgr in the first and the third planting date respectively. Also, early Fong cultivar with better use from environmental condition got high yield compared to other two cultivars.

This research was carried in a pot experiment in order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on yield, yield components oil and protein percentage and root growth, in Khuzestan agricultural and natural resource research center in 2008-2009 years. Treatments were consisted of drought stress including 50, 60 and 70 percent of water use content, which was applied from early heading stage until completely repining time, and three springs Canola cultivar including shirali, hayola 401 and R.G.S. Treatments were conducted as factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Measurements were included of yield, yield components, oil and protein percentage, root length, diameter, root volume, and root dry matter. The results showed that, significantly, drought stress reduced grain yield, biological yield and harvest index and the average of reduced of them during 2 years were 21.3, 29.3, and 32.1 percent respectively. Among grain yield components, grain weight and pod number have been reduced 28.3 and 49.4 percent respectively in response of drought stress. Drought stress decline 9.1 percent oil and increased 16.6 percent protein. Drought stress reduced root and dry matter and increased root diameter. mean root length, dry matter reduced 55 and 36.9 percent respectively and root diameter increased 58 percent in response of drought stress. The results showed that under Khuzestan climate condition terminal drought stress has decreased canola production by affecting root growth and also by reducing yield, yield components and decline oil percent.

The aim of the present work was to study the effects of Urea and ZnSO4 on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit cv. Rabab-e-Neyriz this study was done with 2 individual experiments over 2 years (2008-2009). In experiment 1, ZnSO4 (0.0, 2.5%, 5%) at fully expanded young leaves and Urea (0.0, 1.5%, 3%) at one mounth after it and before flowering were sprayed. In experiment 2, ZnSO4 (0.0, 0.3%, 0.6%) at young fully expanded leaves (< 20 days old) and Urea (0.0, 1.5%, 3%) at 2 weaks after full bloom were sprayed. Factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was used and comparison of means was done by duncan multiple test at p<0.01 and p<0.05. In experiment 1, results showed that urea 1.5% significantly increased TA; ZnSO4 increased TA, total weight of fruit and significantly decreased total number of fruit. Interaction of urea and ZnSo4 significantly increased fresh weight of peel and arill, TA and decreased total weight of fruit. In experiment 2, Urea and ZnSO4 had no significant effects on fruit length, TSS, yeild, fresh weight of peel and arill. Urea significantly decreased TA and AA, but it increased average fruit weight. ZnSO4 significantly increased fruit diameter, arill weight and average fruit weight.

Ber (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) is one of the tropical and subtropical fruit trees that grow in different countries in Europe, America, Africa, Australia, and Asia including Iran. Ber is considered as one of the hardiest cultivated fruit trees to drought, salinity and high temperature. It is a multi-purpose tree and is used for its fresh fruits and has many other applications. Despite of its desired characteristics, it has not been yet cultivated commercially in Iran. The most important reason for this is lack of grafted seedlings of suitable varieties and propagation information. This project has been carried out using CRBD (Complete Randomized Block Design) with three factors including i) time of budding (Spring and Summer), ii) budding method (T, ┴ and ring) and iii) Scion (ecotype A, ecotype B and ecotype C) in three replications from 2004-2006. Results showed that the best time for ber budding in Ahwaz is in late summer with 80.26% success and the best method for its budding is ┴ method with 86.15% success. Scion ecotype has no significant effect on budded plant survival that can show the high compatibility between seedlings and tested scions.