مجله پیاورد سلامت
سال ششم شماره 1 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1391)

Social capital is one of the social determinants of health, which might have an important role in health inequalities. The amount of social capital gained by individuals differs depending on social circumstances; in fact, not all individuals can equally benefit from social resources of social capital. This study aims to examine the effect of social capital dimensions on being afflicted by cancer in patients referring to Cancer Institute of Tehran. This is an analytic-descriptive study, the population of which included all patients aged over 14 and affected by stomach, colon and breast cancers, referring to Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The sample consists of 106 subjects who have been chosen using the classified probability sampling method. The data collection device was a questionnaire together with a structured interview. Social capital emphasizes the two structural and cognitive dimensions. Moreover, it stresses personal social capital. Health inequalities and cancer are the results of simultaneous interaction between the different dimensions of social capital and behavioral/psychological and biological factors. People enjoying similar social capital in life experience cancer-related stress and unhealthy behavior in different ways An increase or decrease in any of the social capital components can lead to a change in the number of those getting the disease.

This study aimed to assess the factors affecting organizational innovation and entrepreneurship at medical sciences universities in Iran. Such universities provide a wide range of services and products including prevention (hygiene), treatment (medical care), rehabilitation and palliative care, as well as their important mission, i. e., higher education and research in related fields. In this study, the researchers developed and examined a model for organizational innovation and entrepreneurship, including 16 factors classified into structure, content (behavior) and context (periphery) of the subject. The data collection instrument was a pre-structured questionnaire containing 58 core questions on the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was computed by elites, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's Alpha (94%). Of 389 questionnaires, 325 were collected and their data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18. The three factors -- structural (structure), behavioral (content) and peripheral (context) -- which affect innovation and entrepreneurship are not favorable at medical universities. This study shows that structural, behavioral and peripheral factors are the most important, which affect innovation and organizational entrepreneurship at medical sciences universities.

Candida spp can colonize in oral cavity in immunocompromised patients and can lead to candidiasis. Because of immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome, this study aimed at the colonization rate of candida spp in the mouths of such patients. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 53 patients with Down syndrome (29 males and 24 females) within the age range of 4-31 years (mean age: 11.1 years) and supported by the welfare organization, Tabriz branch. The samples were taken from the dorsal and buccal parts of tongues using sterile swabs, and were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA+ Chloramphenicol) and corm candida agar. Determination of candida species was based on phenotype characteristics and chlamydoconidia production in Corn Meal Agar containing Tween 80. Altogether 60 isolates of candida spp were isolated from 46 positive patients [26 males (56.52%) and 20 females (43.48%)]. C.albicans with 35 cases (66.03%) were the most frequent isolate and C.dubliniensis with 9 cases (16.98%), C.krusei with 7 cases (13.20%), C.globrata with 5 cases (9.43%) and C.tropicalis with 4 cases (7.54%) were the following ranks. In 12 patients (22.4%), there were more than one species of candida in their oral cavity. Due to the immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome caused by a decrease in IgA and the activity of H2O2 (main destructive agent of C.albicans), the necessity of colonization rate of Candida in such patients is recommended.

Hospitals are among the most important establishments providing health services, in which -- due to special hazards -- the observance of safety principles is of great importance. This research aimed to study the safety conditions at educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS) This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in all educational hospitals in Shiraz and their safety status was investigated using safety audit technique. To this end, audit checklists were prepared and completed through observation, interview with managers and officials of various departments as well as studying the related documents. Then, based on the realization of safety requirements, hospitals were classified into three levels of poor (lower than 50%), medium (5o-75%), and good (higher than75%). The mean realization of safety requirements in the studied hospitals was 58 percent. The highest and lowest levels of realization of safety requirements were related to radiation safety and safety management, respectively. Safety status was evaluated as poor in 25% and medium in 75% of the studied hospitals. The safety conditions of the studied hospitals, especially as regards safety management, emergency response plan, and fire safety aspects were relatively poor. The most important reason for that was the lack of clarity of responsibilities and of safety organizational structure. To improve the safety status, hospitals are required to establish the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSAS 18001).

In recent years demand for a variety of cosmetic surgery, especially rhinoplasty has been increased in our country. Some research has shown that psychological factors influence the request for cosmetic surgery. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the dimensions of perfectionism. The study was a causation - comparative study conducted in the spring and summer of 2010 in yasouj city. Fifty people undergone rhinoplasty surgery were compared with 50 subjects as controls. For the comparison of the dimensions and subscales of perfectionism, Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale was used. Data was analysed using SPSS software and dependent t test. Women using rhinoplasty were more than men. Most participants were single and between 26-30 years. The majority of the subjects had university education and their income level was between 7010000 to 9000000rials. There was significant difference in the Perfectionism subscale between the two groups in the Individual standards (P=0/001), order (P=0/001), concern about mistakes (P=0/001), parental criticism (P=0/001), doubt about action (P=0/013) and parental expectations (P=0/04). Generally the study showed significant difference in Perfectionism between the two groups(P=0/001). People who had cosmetic rhinoplasty surgery were more perfectionists and were often negative perfectionists.

The international book fair is an opportunity for school libraries. This study was conducted to determine the role of the Tehran international book fair to provide books for school libraries. The study is a descriptive survey. Employees and authorities worked in libraries affiliated to Tehran and Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities consisted the study population. Sample size included 41 individuals(26 staff and 15 officials). For data analysis descriptive statistics by using one sample t- test, chi square, ANOVA and correlation were used. The highest average score dedicated to choose books in school libraries was a scale of a 3/35± 0/89. With an average score of 3/06±0/07, the role of International book fair in supplying books for school libraries was moderate. Correlation test showed that problems of school libraries had the highest correlation(r=0/36) while the lowest correlation was related to the possibility of book supply(r =0/067). The international book fair does not have an effective role in supplying books for school libraries. It is necessary to use new approaches to supply books for academic libraries.