نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 69، امرداد و شهریور 1391)

Menopause is accompanied with many problems such as coital discomfort, reduction of endometrial thickness and an increase in pH. Vitamin D is effective on proliferation and repair of epithelial tissue. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin D on vaginal atrophy among menopause women. In the present double-blind clinical trial study, forty-four women were randomly divieded into two groups. Treatment group received the vitamin D vaginal suppository, and the control group received placebo vaginal suppository in an 8 week period. Dyspareunia was assessed in first, 2, 4 and 8 weeks visit. The mean of Ph and maturation index of superficial cells were measured in the begnning of the study and at the end of the eighth week. The mann-whitney test was used for data analysis. The mean of superficial cells and vaginal pH in the treatment group were (69.76±12.4) (1.42±.67) respectively while these figures were 54.66±18.38 and 2.9±0.73 for the control group.. The mean of sexual pain decreased considerably in the treatment group. Vitamin D is effective in maturation index and decreased pH and dyspareunia in menopause women.

Surgery and adjuvant therapies lead to body image problems and psychological distress in young women with breast cancer. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship of body image with psychological distress in women with breast cancer. This correlation study was carried out on 294 women with breast cancer at Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2011. The selection of the participants was based on purposive sampling. The Body image was assessed by BIS. The Psychological distress was assessed by DASS-21. The collected data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Independent sample test. Results showed that body image had a significant positive relationship with psychological distress (P < 0.001). Furthermore, younger women had greater trouble about body image and experienced greater psychological distress compared to elder women. This study showed that dissatisfaction about body image accompanied psychological distress. Also, younger women experience greater difficulties about body image and psychological distress. Therefore, suitable psychological interventions are recommended.

Morphine sensitization can improve learning and memory formation. α-CaMKII and β-CaMKII genes which are highly expressed in the hippocampus, have an important role in learning and memory formation. This study was performed to investigate the morphine sensitization and changes in gene expression of α- CaMKII and β- CaMKII in right and left lobes of dorsal hippocampus of male rats. In this experimental study which was performed on 24 male Wistar rats, morphine sensitization was obtained by subcutaneous injection of morphine, once daily for 3 days followed by 5 days free of the opioid. Then the dorsal hippocampus was removed and RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Finally α- CaMKII and β- CaMKII genes expression was quantified using Real-Time RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using One-Way analysis of Variance and Tukey’s test The results showed that expression of α- CaMKII gene in the right and left lobe of hippocampus in morphine sensitized rats had no significant changes in comparison with the control group. Similarly under the same treatment, there was no significant changes in the right lobe of hippocampus for β-CaMKII but a significant gene expression increase was observed in the left lobe. (P<0.05). It seems that morphine sensitization can lead to changes in molecular mechanisms and apparently these changes can be seen differently in right and left lobes of hippocampus.

Given the widespread use of walnut in the cooking and medical applications, in the present study, the possible effects of the alcoholic extract of walnut on the testis and reproductive activity of adult male rats were studied. In the present experimental study, forty adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 grams were divided into five groups. The control group did not receive any treatment. Normal saline was intraperitoneally injected to the control group. Experimental groups received three different doses of alcoholic extract of walnut: 10, 20 and 50 mg/ kg intraperitoneally/daily, respectively. The testes were removed from the abdomen and the tissue sections were studied. The gathered data were analyzed using One-way Analysis of variance and Tukey's range test. Results indicated that walnut extract affect the development and maintenance of spermatogenesis to its final stages, and increased the number of sperms and interstitial cells in the testis. Alcoholic extract of walnut during the test instrument did not have much impact on the structure of the sperm tube tissue. The alcoholic extract of walnut led to the increased activity of the testis and interstitial cells, followed by an increase in sperm cells and reproductive activity of male rats.

Understanding the brain-behavior relationships based on gender and individual indifferences provide recommendations for more effective educational and behavioral interventions. This study was designed to compare cognitive emotion regulation strategies in left and right –handed students with the emphasis on gender and month of birth.

This descriptive-comparative causal study was performed on 597 (309 girls, 288, boys) high school students. Samples were chosen by cluster sampling method. Subjects completed two scales: Chapman handedness inventory and Garnefski cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Data were analyzed using t-test, Goodness of fit and Chi Square test.

The left handed students were reported to use rumination strategy more than right handed students, while the mean score of right handed students in refocus on planning strategy was higher than left handed students, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Data showed that higher prevalence of left handedness in boys than girls, and results did not provide support for month of birth role on handedness.

The results of this study provide another support for the role of lateralization in emotion regulation. The findings also have implication for designed intervention programs focused on cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from buds and leaves of trees and plants, possessing various biological properties. This study aimed to assess the anti-fungal activities of Ethanolic extract of Propolis (EEP) in an experimental infection of vaginal candidiasis. In this study, twenty-four female rabbits were used for experimental infections. Animals were randomly divided into six equal groups: positive control group, negative control group, and four treatment groups. The four test groups were given doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml of Propolis Ethanolic extract respectively while the positive control group received the standard Nystatin treatment and negative control group were given saline, locally, two times a day for 20 days. The data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics. Among all groups, the results showed that dose of 1000 µg/ml of EEP were the most effective dose in treatment of experimental vaginal candidiasis. Clinical signs of vaginal candidiasis were healed in Nystatin group after 9 days. No effect was recorded after 20 days treatment of infection for others doses of EEP that were used in this study. It can be concluded that Ethanolic extract of Propolis in 1000 µg/ml concentration could treat experimental vaginal candidiasis in rabbits in a shorter time in comparison with standard nystatin treatment.

Given the existence of 10 different genotypes of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus from different hosts and intermediate and final impact of these genotypes in the life cycle of the parasite and its transmission to humans, the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular characterization of isolates of hydatid cysts in industrial slaughterhouses of Yasouj city. In this study, 93 animal isolates (56 goat, 31 sheep and 6 cattle) were collected from the industrial slaughterhouse of Yasouj city. The genomic DNA corresponding to protoscolices was extracted, using the standard Phenol–Chloroform method. The fragment of DNA-ITSI of each sample was assessed by PCR with designed primers of EgF, EgR and then amplified. Moreover, the PCR products were assessed by electrophoresis and digested by the Alu I and Rsa I enzymes. RFLP products were evaluated by electrophoresis. Using a PCR test, rDNA-ITSI of all isolates of similar size bands and 1000 bp were obtained respectively.The patterns generated by RFLP using Alu I and Rsa I enzymes, showed Echinococcus granulosus G1 genotype in all isolates. This study showed that strain G1 is the predominant strain causing hydatid cysts in different organs of the animal in Yasouj.

Chronic infection of the adenoid tissue is one of the causes of hypertrophy. Adenoids are considered to be as reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mentioned bacteria in children with adenoid hypertrophy. A total of 113 children with adenoid hypertrophy who underwent adenoidectomy were included in this study. Subsequently, adenoidectomy was performed under general anesthesia. All of the adenoid samples were evaluated for bacterial infection by culture and PCR methods. Streptococcus. pneumoniae was the most common (33.6%) bacteria isolated by culture followed by H. influenzae (22.9%) and M. catarrhalis (9.7%). PCR method detected S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis in 31%, 29.2% and 9.7% of samples respectively. Streptococcus. Pneumonia, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis are isolated with different frequency in patients with adenoid hypertrophy.

About 7% of patient referred to hospital are various forms of poisoning. This study was performed to determine the major causes of acute poisoning leading to Hospitalization at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj, Iran.

This descriptive study was performed from August 2007 to July 2008 on 470 cases of poisonings referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital of Yasuj. Demographic characteristics, time of poisoning, poisoning factor, history of previous poisoning, history of psychiatric disease, medication and other therapeutic intervention based on questionnaires and interviews with patients or companions of patients were recorded. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test.

Majority of poisoned patients were single females, in the age range of 21-30 years, unemployed, lived in urban areas, and had at least a diploma. The majority of cases were intentional poisoning with a history of depression, previous poisoning and attempted suicide. Significant relationship were seen between poisoning, age, sex, and job, (p<0.05), while relationship between the place of residency, marital status, and education, with poisoning was not significant (p>0.05).

With respect to the results of this study, the majority of these poisonings occurred among young, single and unemployed females due to suicide and drug intoxication. Necessary actions should be done in drug usage and maintenance, taking action against non-prescription drugs and giving proper public education to families.

Schwannomas are benign and slowly growing nerve sheath tumors which are usually solitary and encapsulated. They may arise from any peripheral nerve containing Schwann cells including distal portions of cranial nerves. Here we are reporting a case of Schwannoma presenting as sciatica. Case: A 30 years old woman admitted as severe chronic right lower limb pain, her complain was sciatica with an irregular prominent 15*10 cm mass found on her right buttock. She had normal laboratory data and MRI demonstrated extra muscular mass in posterior of mid zone of right thigh that was iso-signal in T1W1 and hyper-signal in T2W2. The patient underwent operation and sciatic nerve explored via posterior tight and unique neural branch of mass dissociated of sciatic and mass resected. Pathology report confirmed Schwannoma in the patient. In patients with sciatic pain, schwannoma nerve is one of the differential diagnosis and it needs to be considered in assessing of patients.