نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1391)

Integration of safety science with patient's daily cares decreases events and injuries. Nurses whom are doing patients care, promised patients safety protection. This study aimed to determine managers and nurses function of safe patient's care from the nurses prospective. This descriptive study was carried out with purposive sampling method on 202 nurses working in Uremia Medical University hospitals. Data were gathered using ‘Safe Practice for Better Healthcare’ questionnaire with 15 questions about managers’ function. In addition, 25 questions were about nurses’ function of safe patient's care. Validity of the questionnaire was measured by content validity and reliability was determined by test-retest (r=0/85). Regarding data analysis, SPSS software, descriptive statistical testes, Chi-square test and Pearson correlate coefficient were used. Findings of study showed that most of the nurses (91.6%, 56.9%) believed theirs function of safe patient's care is good and manager's function is moderate. Results showed that between manager's function and nurse's function of safe patient's care, there is statistically a significant relationship (p=0.000). Regarding to bilateral effect of managers and nurses on the safe care of patients, attention and emphasis on formal and informal communication in health-related organizations can improve patients’ safety.

Burnout is the individuals’ response to stress factors of work place and leads to changes in peoples’ attitudes and behaviors toward work and environment. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between organizational culture and burnout in the staff of Tehran province welfare organization. In this descriptive-correlational study, 189 people were selected through random sampling. To collect data, demographic questionnaire,’ Hofstede Organizational Culture Questionnaire’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Questionnaire’ were used. To analyze the collected data by SPSS 12, Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney U, One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were applied. The sample consisted of 38.1% male and 61% female. Results also showed that 9% of respondents were married. The mean age of the sample was 37.66(SD: 6.77) and the mean of employment years was 12.93(SD: 6.93). In addition, findings revealed that, the characteristics of the organizational culture of the research community are as follows: cultural balance with a trend to masculinity, collectivism, fairly high uncertainty avoidance and high-distant of power. Burnout in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was low whereas in personal accomplishment (frequency and intensity) were in medium levels. Analytic findings disclosed that the intensity of personal under-accomplishment was related positively and significantly with individualism-collectivism (P=0.03) and uncertainty avoidance (P=0.02). The results suggested that organizational culture (individualism-collectivism and uncertainty avoidance) has a positive significant correlation with burnout (intensity of personal accomplishment).

Lifestyle refers to peoples’ behavior and pattern that has affected their health. This aim of this study was to determine the association between lifestyle and hypertension in rural population in Gorgan. In this case-control study, 200 hypertensive subjects and 200 controls in Gorgan rural population were selected via two stage sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire consists of demographic questions (20 questions) and health promotion lifestyle profile questions (52 questions). Lifestyle profile questions, contains total life style score and six dimensional physical activities of stress management, interpersonal communication skill, health responsibility, nutrition and spiritual growth. The content validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 87%) of questionnaire was approved. Data were analyzed using Chi Square, T tests and Logistic regression in SPSS version 16. A P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The mean onset of hypertension was 53.2. Twelve percent of cases and 20.5% of controls were smokers. Also, 57% of cases and 51% of controls had family history of hypertension, 63% of cases and 61.1% controls had BMI of 25 that is higher than normal. In addition, Logistic regression test showed that the association between hypertension and total lifestyle score, physical activity, spiritual growth, interpersonal communication skill, stress management was statistically significant (P-value <0.05). The results of T-Test showed that the association between health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal communication skill, stress management in case and control group was statistically significant (P-value <0.05). The results showed that unhealthy behaviors particularly in nutrition, stress and physical activity has a relationship with hypertension; therefore it is necessary to implement educational programs for people in order to have a healthy life style and healthy behaviors.

In recent years, numerous organizations have been engaged in increase of job satisfaction, staff empowerment process and partnership in decision making. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between delegation and job satisfaction in nurses. In this descriptive-correlation study, all nurses of Isfahan Dr Ali Shariati hospital participated in the study samples. Delegation and job satisfaction were the main variables of study. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire, Rowntree Delegation Checklist and Kendall & Hulin Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Internal consistencies of the instruments were approved 0/70 for Rowntree Delegation Checklist and 0/80 for Kendall Hulin Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Independent student T test and Spearman test. From 102 nurses, who participated in this study, 53/9% were woman and 46/1% were male. Result indicated that there was no significant correlation between delegation and job satisfaction (r= -0/022 p= 0/826). The result of the study showed that delegation might not be an effective management tool for job satisfaction improvement in nursing staff. However, more studies are suggested for future.

Nurses are the most important personnel of hospitals, since their performance directly affects patients’ life. For this reason, implementation of HR strategies has a higher priority in hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between human resource strategies, perceived organizational support and organizational commitment of nurses and finally recommend a pattern. In this descriptive-exploratory study, 268 nurses of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad were randomly selected as samples. Data were obtained by questionnaires of; development, staffing, performance management, wage, benefits and rewards, working relations and organizational commitment. Validity and reliability of instruments were measured by factor analysis and Cranach’s alpha. In addition, data were analyzed by structural equations and partial least squares by the PLS Software. Results of research indicated that human resource strategies with perceived organizational support and organizational commitment had a regression coefficient of 0/512 and 0/296 respectively. In addition, they illustrated that; perceived organizational support with a regression coefficient of 0/673 had a significant relationship with organizational commitment for nurses. Furthermore, the role of mediate perceived organizational support between human resource strategies and organizational commitment of nurses with the larger indirect relationship (0/344) of the relationship (0/296) was confirmed. The appropriate performance of strategies of human resources can improve organizational commitment of nurses through perceived organizational support. Therefore, proper implementation of these strategies is suggested.

Communication and interaction has long-standing relationship with nursing and has accompanied and mixed with nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between cultural intelligence and social interaction of nurses in Mashhad. This study was a descriptive-correlation study that 115 nurses who were working in hospital with at least 2 years’ experience were entered to study. Cultural intelligence was measured with questionnaire designed by Van Dyne & Ang and social interaction was determined by Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation- Behavior questionnaire (FIRO-B). Validity of questionnaires was obtained by content validity and reliability of them was measured by alpha-Cronbach. Data was collected from nurses and analyzed by SPSS 11.5. For analytic of data, Pearson co relational test, chi-square, independent t-test, one way ANOVA and regression were used. Result showed that cultural intelligence of nursing is in medium level and social interaction is in low level. Also educational level, economic status and work experience had a significant correlation with social interaction. On the other hand, there were no significant correlation between cultural intelligence and social interaction, and their components. Due to the results of this study, it is necessary to implement programs to strengthen factors that affect social interaction in nurses.

Recording nursing care is an important tool to determine eligibility and evaluation of care interventions. In this regard, satisfaction of nurse with recording could provide correct nursing record. The aim of this study was development and psychometric evaluation ‘Nurse Satisfaction of Report Writing Scale’ This Study is an exploratory study that by review of studies about concept and dimensions of satisfaction and satisfaction of nurses about report writing at primilarinary stage of, satisfaction "Nurse Satisfaction Report Writing Scale" was developed. Content validity was measured using Content Validity Index (Waltz and Basel) by 17 experts and face validity of the scale was assessed using 20 experts in the field of report writing and construct validity were evaluated by review of literature, books, articles, researches and interviews of experts. Moreover, reliability of the scale was determined by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest (Pearson correlation coefficient). At first stage item were developed in the scale and later using content validity index, items with value of more than 75% were retained. Hence, the numbers of items were reduced to 66 numbers. Construct validity of the questionnaire showed 7 factors. Furthermore, the findings showed, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) (α=0/981) for 7 dimensions and re-test by Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0/912). In final stage, 15 items were deleted thus total number of items reduced to 51 items. The results of this study showed that questionnaire of nurses with 51 items of the type of report writing Likert is valid and reliable. Due to the lack of valid and reliable scale to measure satisfaction of nurses from report writing, using the scale can be helpful. Measuring other types of validity such as concurrent validity is recommended.

Health care delivery systems in rural areas face many challenges in meeting the needs of the community and unfortunately adequate attention have not been paid to resolve this problem. The aim of this study was to explore challenges of health care process in rural society of Iran according to health care provider's experience. This is a qualitative study using content analysis method. According to purposive sampling17 health care providers were selected. Data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Analysis of Data, eventually led to formation of one category as challenges of caring process in rural society. This challenge itself consists of different subcategories such as; change in characteristics of rural society, increase in complexity of caring process, decrease in workforce efficiency and reduction in tendency of peoples’ taking care. Due to changes in the caring process, health care systems should provide new health care models to face potential challenges in this area.