نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 16 (پاییز 1390)

Sixteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits having body weight ranged from 3.0-3.5 Kg. Under general anesthesia, a segmental full thickness bone defect of 1 cm in length was created in the middle of the right radial shaft in all rabbits. They were divided into two groups of 8 rabbits each. Group I was considered as control and the fractured site was fixed using finger bone plate with 4 screws, whereas the ear cartilage of 1.1 cm graft was used to fill the gap after fracture fixation in Group II. Radiography was done before and after creating defects and on 15, 30 and 60 days to evaluate local reaction as callus formation are concerned. On the radiographs during the whole process, bone repair in Group I was not as perfect as those in Group II samples and trace of internal callus filled the gap incompletely in 60 days in Group I, whereas in Group II internal callus almost was formed on 30 days and in addition intercortical callus was seen supporting to cover and filled the gap completely in this group. Cartilage graft is suitable alternative bone filler and radiography is reliable techniques to trace local reaction at proper time.

Abortion is considered as an important factor for economic losses in flocks of sheep and goats, cause by many different infectious agents. The most common cause of infectious abortion in domestic animals are bacteria. In this cross sectional study, the prevalence of bacterial agents in 226 cases of abortion in sheep and goats in the Hamedan province were studied. Bacterial agent were isolated as from 61 sample(26.99%), including 12 sample brucella(5.3%), 1 sample campylobacter(0.44%), 37 sample E.coli(16.93%) and 11 sample other bacteria(4.87%). According to the results, bacterial agents with focus an brucella, have low role of abortion in the examinated cases. So, evaluation of viral and parasitic agents of abortionin sheep and goat (for example blue tongue disease &Toxoplasmosis) is necessary for determining their role in this issue. On the other hand, managment control of abortion is an important step in reducing the cases.

The infection of avian pneumovirus (Avian Metapneumovirus) is characterized with respiratory signs and rhinotracheitis in turkey (TRT) and swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens and may cause drop in egg production in layer and breeders. Therefore, in present study the infectivity of avian pneumovirus was evaluated and the co-infection of avian pneumovirus with avian influenza was investigated in broiler chickens flocks with respiratory signs. In this study, 360 serum samples were collected from 30 broiler chicken flocks, with respiratory signs and daily mortality rate over 1%, from different areas in Isfahan province. All flocks divided into 2 groups: vaccinated and nonvaccinated against avian influenza (AI). Serum samples were tested with avian pneumovirus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Also, AI haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre was determined in all aforementioned flocks. The results showed that out of 360 broiler chickens, 320 (88.9%) were positive for avian pneumovirus antibody. The seroprevalence of pneumovirus in vaccinated flocks against AI was lower than nonvaccinated flocks and 82.5% of broiler chickens in nonvaccinated flocks were positive for AP and AI antibodies. Therefore, it seems that controlling usual respiratory diseases (eg. AI) may result in controlling avian pneumovirus. Regarding high prevalence of avian pneumovirus in broiler chickens flocks with respiratory signs, it is important to investigate pathogenesis of avian pneumovirus to design a suitable strategy for controlling this infection.

In this study, first was primarily to determine the effects of acute toxicity of the agricultural toxicant diazinon (emulsion 60%) on kutum male broodstocks. For this purpose, 4 treatments were used to toxicity test. Each treatment was repeated in 3 tanks with 9 fish per treatment and with 180 litres water capacity. After obtaining the final results, the information was analysed statistically and determined the LC10, LC50 and LC90 values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Were determined maximum allowable concentration value and the degree of toxicity. The second stage of testing consists of 4 treatments and male brood stocks of kutum were treated for 45 days. For analysis of all data SPSS version 13 was used. The results showed that the 96h LC50 value of diazinon was 0.4 mgl-1 and that the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) value of this toxin was 0.04 mgl-1. Our results show that diazinon causes a decrease in the erythrocyte count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), leucocyte count (WBC) and lymphocyte. In addition, diazinon also causes an increase in prolymphocyte (P<0.05). There are no significant effects on monocyte and eosinophil levels in kutum male broodstocks (P>0.05).

Several evidences suggest that antioxidants consumption decreased hypercholesterolemia. The health benefits of fruits and legumes are now widely recognized. Garlic improved plasma lipid metabolism and low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and glyceride and total cholesterol, thus use of diet with garlic was effective in reducing the oxidative stress, and witch was indicated by on increase of antioxidant activity. In this study, we considered effect of garlic supplementation on blood lipid level in cholesterol-fed male rat. In this study, three male rat groups were used. Control group consumed chow (basic) diet and two groups were fed two percent cholesterol in diet. One group consumed two present cholesterol-fed (Chol) only, and next group consumed garlic (20%) for one month. After one month, TC, LDL, TG and HDL serum concentrations were measured. In Chol group TC, LDL and TG (but not HDL) concentrations significantly increased compared with control group. Supplementation of garlic decreased TC, LDL and TG concentrations compared with Chol group. However, these properties are needed to be more investigated in human.

In this study the effect of AflatoxinB (AF) and potential of organic absorbent (Mycosorb) performed on broiler chicken. A total 105 broiler chicks were divided into 5 equal treatment groups in a completely random design. The adsorbents mycosorb was added into the basal diets at 3 and 1 gr/Kg which contaminated with 0 and 1 ppmaflatoxin/ kg-1 from 2 to 42 days of experimental treatments: 1.Control, 2.AF(1ppm), 3.AF(0.05ppm) 4.Mycosorb (1gr/kg) + 1ppm (AF), 5. Mycosorb (1gr/kg) + 0.05ppm (AF). The results indicated that red blood cell, haematocrit and lymphocyte counts of chicks were significantly reduced in AF groups compared with the control group, while the heterophil counts increased significantly. Among serum biochemical parameters, the Aspartat trasaminas (AST), Gamma glutamil transferase(GGT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and billirubin values increased in AF groups (P<0.05). The addition of Mycosorb to the AF containing diet (groups4&5) significantly improved the biochemical and hematological parameters. The mycosorb had a significant effect on broiler final weight(P<0.05). These results of this study clearly indicated that addition of adsorbent (Mycosorb) to the AF containing diet can reduce the toxic effects of AF.

The main of aim present study was identifying of high intensity of gastrointestinal parasitic worm infestation in sheep in the Abhar city. Planning was done with taking samples from sheep Abhar city livestock during early winter 2009 to late autumn 2010. Fecal samples were tested using Flotation and Sedimentation diagnostic method. In order to investigate the relationship between age, sex and season of sampling square test was used. In this study, 1600 sheep were studied and fecal samples were obtained of these animals. All of examined animals were treated at least one time by antiparasitic drugs. Results indicate contamination 542 (33.87%) of studied sheep were infestation to gastrointestinal parasitic worms. In some of these cases, combined different parasitic infestation was observed and at all 614 cases were found positive. Of these, 216 cases (13.5%) were infested to the digestive Ostrongylus, 99 cases (6.18%) to Marshallagia, 88 cases (5.5%) to Nematodirus, 63 (3.93%) were infested to the Trishuris. Infestation to Monezia. Spp were observed in 41 (2.56%) and Fasciola infestation in 58 cases (3.62%) and Dicrocelium in 49 cases (3.06%) of studied animals. According to the results obtained digestive Ostrongylus highest incidence of infestation related to the digestive and the lowest incidence of associated species was Monezia.Spp.. Regarding the reported contamination of all parasites in the mid and late spring and reached its peak in the mid-autumn peak shows slight. On statistical analysis significant correlation between the severity of infection with parasites with sex, age, month and season of sampling was not observed (P>0/05). But significant difference between contamination and the different seasons of year and different month was found (P 0/05).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects using different mixtures of Nettle, Pennyroyal and Zizaphora medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, biochemical and immunity parameters of broilers. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 240 of Ross-308 strain broiler in 4 treatments and 3 replicates (with 20 bird in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days and included: 1) control group no medicinal plants, 2) 1% Nettle and 0.5% of each others medicinal plants, 3) 1% of Pennyoyal and 0.5% of each others medicinal plants and 4) 1% of Zizaphora and 0.5% of each others medicinal plants. The results showed that using different mixtures of Nettle, Pennyroyal and Zizaphora medicinal plants have significantly effects on performance and carcass traits of broilers (P<0.05). The highest amount of daily weight gain (46.32g), the highest percents of carcass and breast (72.72%) and (33.67%) and the lowest percent of abdominal fat (3.4%) were observed in 3 experimental group. The overall results showed that the using of medicinal plants mixtures like 3 experimental group, has positive effects on performance and carcasses traits of broilers.

To estimate genetic and phenotypic trends of growth traits a data set collected from 1995 to 2008 by the Moghani breeding station were used. (Co) variance components for traits were estimated by derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) and breeding values of animals were predicted with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methodology under multi-trait animal models and then genetic trend estimated on based the most appropriate model. Genetic and phenotypic trends of studied traits were estimated regression mean of breeding value and phenotypic on birth year. Direct genetic and phenotypic trends for birth weight(BW), weaning weight(WW), 6- month weight(6MW), average daily gain birth to weaning(ADG0-3), average daily gain weaning to 6- month (ADG3-6), kleiber ratio from birth to weaning (KR0-3) and kleiber ratio from weaning to 6 month (KR3-6) were estimated 2 and 31; 36 and 528; 43 and; 0.617 and 4.258; 0.223 and 0.144; 0.016 and 0.165 and 0.007 and -0.235 gr per year, respectively. Total genetic progress of 14 years for BW, WW and 6MW were 38, 401 and 578 gr and 65.541, 2.697, 2.497 and 0.090 for ADGa, ADGb, KRa and KRb, respectively.

Left displacement of abomasum (LDA) is an important metabolic disease in dairy cows which cause a large economic loss in dairy industry. So determination of these changes will be important to predict the disease after parturition. In the present study, 14 serum biochemical parameters of cows with LDA before and after parturition were compared to those of healthy cows (control group) using several statistical models especially Logistic regression. In the statistical model changes in 6 parameters beta-hydroxy butyrate(BHB), Non esterified fatty acids(NEFA), Aspartate amino transferase(AST), Calcium, Sodium and Potassium between control and LDA groups was significant (P<0.05). Using the values of these 6 parameters in the Logistic regression formula one week after parturition, the odds of LDA would be calculated. So the owner would be able to predict the occurrence of LDA and protect the herd against it with correction of diet and treatment of LDA concurrent metabolic diseases.