فصلنامه پژوهش در نظام های آموزشی
پیاپی 10 (پاییز 1389)

The direction of the superior documents, the major perspectives of the regime and, in particular, the standpoints of the supreme leader of Iran, who has explicitly claimed that training efficient forces (hands) together with scientism are of great importance, show that the increasing growth of the school and university educational systems has a long way to go to achieve its essential position and appropriate performance. A glance at the history of the practical and professional training in the future changing world shows that these systems are always subject to quality improvement, change and promotion. The major reason of these reforms is directing the practical and theoretical education systems in line with the political, economical and social changes, technology; satisfaction of job market requirements and the client's and audience's interests and professionalism (who are mainly the job forces). In view of the fact that, our country is experiencing a new age in the area of progress and development today, studying these subjects is very decisive. In this paper, besides reviewing the principle and fundamental activities and studies conducted regarding the performance of different groups including the Technical and Vocational Education organization, we introduce the perspectives of the religious system. Then, after reviewing the international experiences, we present the main ideas and concerns of the guardians of this fundamental evolution in connection with the establishment of the national, normalized, skill-based globalized system of the practical and technical training and also regarding the attempt for providing a comprehensive and qualitative model for the education system of Islamic Republic of Iran.

The purpose of this research was investigating the effectiveness use of lesson study (JOGYOU KENKYU) on third graders mathematic achievement in Qom city. Lesson study is a new educational model which used extensively throughout Japan and involved groups of teachers meeting regularly over a period of time for cooperative designing (planning), teaching, observing, evaluating, and revising lessons in actual classrooms. The sample was randomly selected from Qom’ districts (24 classrooms in 8 schools). Experimental group was 12 teachers and 300 students and control group was12 teachers and 325 students. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. In the beginning, conducted instructional sessions for experimental (5) and control (1) groups, then executed this model in 12 mathematic lessons for 12 weeks, and finally analyzed data by ANCOVA. The results showed significant differences between the mathematic achievement of experimental and control groups.

The purpose of this research was the comparison of mental health''s students by gender, course, and field. 900 students took the GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) as mental health indicator. Data was analyzed by t-test for independent groups and one- way ANOVA. Results showed that there is a difference between male and female students in mental health scores. Also, there are differences between students in different field (or different faculty) and different educational system. Girls were better than boys in mental health. Agriculture students were better than other fields and Bu-Ali Sina students were better than Payame Noor students in mental health scores.

Iran is one of the pioneers in the development planning among the developing countries. The first development plan in Iran was implemented in 1948 and so far nine development plans (five programs before and four programs after the revolution) were designed and implemented. In general, most experts in the field of development do not evaluate the performance of these programs positively. In the knowledge age that higher education and university are considered as rationality basis of the society and higher education centers are generators of producing competent human resources and future prospect also has stressed the importance of science and technology, reviewing higher education programs and identifying the positive and negative factors of the program are fundamental. In general, the performance of development programs of the country in higher education after the revolution indicate that the success of development program of this part, mainly is in the base of qualitative rather than quantitative goals and in general we observe lack of reasonable relationship between the important objectives and executive policies. In other words, in the programs related to higher education, research and technology, there are many significant differences between the plans and their execution.

The purpose of this study was developing and validating of mathematics achievement motivation questionnaire for students at high school. In order to achieve the aim, a questionnaire was made based on literature and existing questionnaires in the field of mathematics. One hundred sixty-three students (81 boys and 82 girls) were chosen by random cluster sampling method from high school in Tehran. To achieve the goals, item analysis (discrimination index, loop method), construct validity (factor analysis) and reliability of factors and total score were computed. In factor analysis, two factors of motivation (approach and avoidance) were realized. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.709. Considering the result of this study, the questionnaire has a good reliability and validity and factors could measure appropriately the mathematics achievement motivation.

One of the significant action in Ministry of Science, Research and Technology to nurture the gifted and talented students in higher education is approving the regulations by the Gifted students can apply in the universities without having any Entrance Exams. One of these rules related to their students who are winner as the first, second or third place in Kharazmi Festival. The main purpose of this research was studying the success of the Ministry’s performance about applying winners of Kharazmi Festival in the universities. Thus, this research sets out to investigate, from “the winners of Kharazmi Festival” perspective, indicators such as satisfaction of winners that show the plan was successful. Another purpose of this research was identifying causes of some winner didn’t like or couldn’t impart of related advantages. The statistical community of this research consists of all winners of Kharazmi during 1383-1386 years (over 330). The sample size was determined 110 and simple randomized sampling method is used. The data collection instrument was a researcher- made questionnaire. The results show that 76% of the winners are not satisfied and there is no significant difference between educational scores and scientific activity (study, research, write or translating paper) of winners of Kharazmi Festival and other students.

Social skills must be acquired and are not present at birth; rather they develop through socialization with others. Historically nurses have been expected to be subservient to the physicians. Faculty in schools of nursing have in the past reinforced the idea that nurses were subservient to physicians and nursing schools have not traditionally encouraged students to authority in the health care system. In recent years, the need for nurses to become vigorous proponents of quality care has increased and assertiveness has been viewed as an easily applied means to stimulate support for clients and the profession of nursing this research studied about the effect of assertiveness training on assertiveness of female nursing students. This Quasi experimental research is done in a case control and pretest– posttest design. The population in this study is all of nursing of Karaj Nursing College. The sample was 30 female nursing students that their grade of Rathus Assertiveness Scale (RAS) were low than the average grade of population. This sample is divided into two groups (experimental & control). Assertiveness training was expanded to a 6-week (12-session) program. A multiple baseline design (coaching, role playing, homework tasks, and feedback) was used. Results indicated significant improvements in experimental group assertiveness (P< 0.05), but control group show no significant improvements.