فصلنامه آرشیو توانبخشی
سال دوازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1390)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of educational packages on knowledge of substance addiction and complication among different levels of students in Tehran city. An interventional study was designed in that three group of different levels of students using pre-test and post-test questionnaires, before the study of educational packages and after the study of educational packages. The mean total scores of students before and after the study of educational packages were respectively 7.61 and 9.44 that has been demonstrated knowledge of different levels of students before and after intervention in students of primary (except fourth and fifth class), middle and high school was significantly increases.In other words with confidence of %95 can be said training about substance addiction and complication in increase of knowledge of different educational levels have been effective. According to the results of this study the key role of educational program to reveal itself in demand reduction strategies and primary prevention.

This study is carried out in order to compare the personality traits between the men how was dependent to Opiates and dependent to methamphetamine. This study is a causal-comparative study. 80 dependent (40 persons who were dependent to opiates as well as 40 persons who were dependent to methamphetamine) refering to a residential center were recuited based on a judgmental sampling. The Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five Factor Inventory-Revised was used to determine the personality trait. Results showed that the mean scores between two groups of men dependent on opiates and methamphetamine-dependent men in the field Neuroticism (N), Agreceableness (A) and conscientiousness (C) there is a significant difference between the NEO Personality Inventory. This means that the level of Neuroticism in Opioid dependence in compared with methamphetamine-dependent men is older and level Agreceableness and conscientiousness in methamphetamine-dependent men compared with Opioid dependence is higher. But both in terms of extroversion and openness to experience, enjoy the same status But both groups have the same status in terms of Extraversion and Openness to experience)p>0/05). According to research findings, Between men's personality traits related to opiates and methamphetamine, there are significant differences. So knowing the personality and behavioral characteristics of drug addictions is the effective action for prevention and screening to identify individuals at risk and the use of therapy style according to addicts personality. Keywords: Personality Traits, Opiates, methamphetamine, dependent

Since in countries like Iran where drug abuse rate is high، this can be troublesome in working environments and barracks. Thus the study aimed to assess the effectiveness of life skills teachings on attitude change towards drugs among conscripts in Tehran prisons in 1389 solar year (2010). According to the objectives data collection method، this study is both practical and experimental in which there is a case group and a control group. The selected conscripts were put in three groups: 1- training group (65)، 2- inner control group (64) and 3- outer control group (67). After ten session of training and based on the findings، the comparison of the three groups indicated the following General attitude towards addiction (p-value = 0. 001) Attitude towards drugs (p-value = 0. 001) Attitude towards drug abuse reason (p-value = 0. 001) Attitude towards the personality of the addict person (p-value = 0. 004) Public attitude towards addiction (p-value = 0. 001) Attitude towards detoxification (p-value = 0. 001) Attitude towards escape from addiction (p-value = 0. 011) Attitude towards addiction as a solution in life (p-value = 0. 007) has been changed and it is statistically significant. According to the results of the present study، intervention and teaching life skills affects the conscripts attitude، and can play important role in reducing drug abuse in the society.

The aim of this study is to review the previous implemented research on drug abuse and dependency in iran.

In this nonsystemic study all available information has been used instructions,official say,rules,etc

Addiction is a major problem in our country in a severe and urgent intervention requires. Due to the difficulty of longer research and prevention of addiction, Preventive and Social studies are small. A significant number of researches in the field of addiction treatment, the country has done. Due to the nature of disaster-pron country as earthquakes, floods, and the drug, Most efforts are focused on drug control. That the poor predictions of future changes in material consumption and future ongoing monitoring is necessary. The prevalence of injection use has increased compared to non-injecting drug users in Iran and 15 to 23 percent are infected with HIV. In most studies, the cost of addiction treatment and direct costs of addiction treatment is considered and costs such as fighting, prevention, and drug trafficking. . is not considered.

Due to the favorable attitude in our society, rules, and guidelines related, it is necessary the proper planning and comprehensive research on prevention and treatment in addition to the executive must be done.

This research aims at identifying the early maladaptive schemas (ems s) in opium – dependent ones in comparision with the peer independent ones in two groups was assessed. For sampling. 30 ones who were opium – dependents and had referred to addiction quitting centers along with 30 healthy ones who had not experience any drug abuse were replicated according to their age, gender,material status and education to be able to conduct the biographical inventory and questionnaires of young schema. Considering the sampling framework, through simple randomization, the subjects were chosen from the list of ones who referred to aban addiction quitting center, Tehran. Using spss & through the independent t – test, the data were analyzed. the finding revealed that in disconnection and rejection domains as well as autonomy and impaired performance, there were significant differences at 0.001 level of significance. in addiction 0.05, there was a significant difference in directionalitydomain. in general, in all schemas, the opium dependents had more inefficiency, but in impaired limits, vigilance and avoidance domains, the difference was not significant. Thus, being familiar with them in non – clinical cases, can lead to individuals self-consciousness as well as experts awereness of the problems which can help the planners to solve some abnormalities. In clinical ones, concerning this problem, it may result in simpler and shorter treatments. professionally speaking; independent ones because of significant differences bet ween esm s in predication and treatment, the suitable procedures should be deal with.

The aim of this survey was the evaluation of the demand for training in substance use in employees of Welfare Organization, Tehran, Iran. This study had two parts: 1 qualitative, using FGDs, 2 surveys as a quantitative study. In the quantitative part, staff of the welfare organization that carries out substance use care was surveyed. Questions on personal details and experience related to the training courses were asked. Training needs were assessed through questions concerning the need for further training. Questionnaire included both open ended questions, and answers were coded to the fields of treatment, consultation, basics, prevention, research, harm reduction and other training needs. Establishing a academic degree in substance use, was believed to be essential, although the long duration needed for establishing it highlights the need for substance use including 40% of curriculum of the substance use. Master, specialty of MD, psychiatry fellowships and PhD are different degrees for the substance use academic majors. Participants emphasized on importance of presidency of drug control from such academic degree establishment. In quantitative part, 45.7% of the participants were female, %28.6 were physicians. No one reported not having training needs, minimum and maximum of training needs were 1-7, with a mean (SD) of 3.6  2.1. %66 requested academic major for substance use in the country. 42% of participants requested short training courses such as workshops. The most frequent training need was treatment, consultation, basics, prevention, research and harm reduction which was reported in 41) 78.8%, 32 (61.5%), 30 (57.7%), 26 (50%), 22 (42.3%) and 5 (9.6%) participants. 34 (65.4%) participants reported other training needs. In qualitative part, the need for a substance use major in Iranian universities was emphasized. The importance of financial resources was highlighted in this regard. As 66% of welfare substance care staffs need an academic degree in substance use, and the most frequent training needs were treatment (78.8%) and consultation (61.5%), welfare organization, ministry of health and medical education and also presidency for drug control should emphasize more on training of their staffs, especially in some specific fields.

Activities concerning demand reduction and specially addict’s treatment and rehab have outstandingly improved in Iran. Now different treatment alternatives such as outpatient and residential care centers such as‚ abstinence based and spiritual therapies like, narcotic anonymous are developed. Treatment program in human recovery population is, replacing opium tincture and gradually reduction of it (during 11 month).and it includes group and spiritual therapies. this research is an economic and descriptive study one which has been done longitudinal during 3 months (from the beginning’ one and three months after entrance). Participants include all addicts over 40 who have referred to the society (congress 60) for detoxification. choosing the samples has been based on the method of accessible sampling. Demographic questionnaire and checklist of payment of treatment cost (directly or indirectly) have been collecting information tools. Data’s have been analyzed by software spss. out of 33 people, 15 were over 50 years old. Opium abuse With the frequency of 12 people (36.4%) ‚heroin crack with the frequency of 14 people (42.2%) had the most frequency. Monthly cost of drug abusing is on average 1,598,490 Iran Rials (IRR), for each person. The sum of official costs is 77,200.000 IRR in a year, in order to continue governmental support of services. Private charitable contributed the society about 350,000,000 IRR in 2010. This contribution was spent on rehabilitation of addicts. The net cost benefit ratio is about % 58 and the net sum of saved 167,744,740 IRR; therefore, it can be concluded that the benefits of treatment and detoxification of the mentioned society has been effective

The aim of present study is to compare the suggestibility between addict and non-addict people.

In this research 176 participants (76 addict people by systematic random and 100 non-addict people by convenience method) were selected and completed the Ganji suggestibility test. The independent t-test and variance analysis were used for statistical analysis.

The results suggested that addict people significantly were high in suggestibility than to non-addict people) P<0.05). The type and gender had no significant effect on suggestibility of addict people) P<0.05).

Addict people apart from type of opioid use had high suggestibility than non-addict people.

the researches showed which drug treatment had various effects on individual's sexual function.The purpose of study was to survey effects of protector treatment with methadone in sexual function in men that dependent to opiates. This study is a quasi-experimental study. Studistical population was married men that dependent to narcotics and have been under of treatment protector with methadone. The sample consists of 69 people which selected with available sampling method. The questionnairs were used consist of demographic questionnaire and sexual functional questionnaire (SFQ). the sexual function has increased in overall sexual performance and the sexual desire after start of treatment. also there was no meaningful statistically difference between erection and ejaculation in sample of study before and after of the treatment. Protector treatment with methadone can be effective in sexual function in people dependent to opiates.

According to obvious changes in drug abuse patterns in recent years, the main purpose of this study was to reassess the effect of demographic and other individual factors on the drug treatment process

In this analytic-descriptive study, data collected in Tehran’s Welfare Organization drug treatment outpatient clinics (both private and non-private clinics). 8 clinics were selected (based on a triage classification of clinics, according to the quality of services registered in governmental experts’ records) Demographic and individual variables extracted from the1372 existing files in the treatment centers. Then data processed by multivariable logistic regression.

In this study 258 records (18.8%) of patients revealed successful completion of detoxification phase, The final multiple regression model’s results showed that: 1- Crack user clients had 1.49 times more unsuccessful detoxification, (P=0.5), 2- Clients with drug use frequency once daily showed 2.4 times more successful completion in drug detoxification than users with the frequency of 4 times a day, (P=0.01), 3- Also clients with drug free close relatives and home mates had 1.8 times more succession in drug detoxification (P<0.01) and 4- Crack user patients presented with psychological or somatic signs and symptoms had 1.94 times more succession in treatment than others without these symptoms.

New patterns of drug use reveal the importance of reassessing the effect of demographic factors and severity and depth of drug use on the treatment process (as well as quality assurance of services).