فصلنامه اندیشه سیاسی اسلام
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1390)

From past the issue of guardianship among Islam juristic's discussions was undeniable and in each era depending time conditions, explicitly or implicitly it is recalled in various subjects like governor, regimen, righteous monarch and ect. This article regarding to this principle want to study the guardianship of the Islamic juristic situation in various eras in Islam political system. So we explain this theory in five stages and then concentrate on main aspects of political system considering guardianship of Islam juristic and also with more emphasize on identity stage of this theory.

There are different views about the future and continuation of nation states. Geopolitics can especially help to understand the complexity on International relations in this regard. In the term of nation states and other agents and their situation in geopolitical context, some- Globalists- believe to the demise of these geopolitical actors. Others i.e. skeptics or realists think no changes are in political space of upcoming years. Also, there is another approach named transformationalist. According to this view which has modified approach substantial and deep evolution and changes have been occurred and will do but traditional geopolitics as a permanent concept will have its own role and position. This article is trying to emphasis on that it is not to determine and interpret geopolitics according to Westphalia System. Although, statist approach has been obliterated but it is proper to assume that the state will be a persistence and permanent factor for human in the future. Also, it should be noted that along with this agent more strong and power than others, construction and restructuration of geopolitical rule has been done and polycentrism has been defined.

Numerous writings on development in the “third world” countries have provided us with different views, each of which try to explain the concepts of development and underdevelopment from a different perspective. One of these views is the theory of new dependence. According to this theory, to encourage dynamic economic development in the third world countries, a powerful government is needed which is independent of foreign countries; this government should be a strong, benevolent government which seeks economic growth through authoritarian methods. This government must be able to combine the public, domestic and international capital and pave the way for the accumulation of the capital and the industrial development. The new dependence theoreticians’ favorite government is the bureaucratic authoritarian government which, unlike the traditional and fascist authoritarian regimes, is characterized by the presence of bureaucrats, political exclusiveness, economic exclusiveness and economic growth. In this article it is assumed that, from the viewpoint of new dependence theoreticians, these governments are independent of foreign governments and rely on international capital which eventually leads to industrial and economic development.

In current research the relationship between two phenomenones namely globalization and Al-Qaeda would verify. Author believes that Al-Qaeda as a terroristic movement of anti - globalization has been formed to respond to America mastery in global level specially Moslem countries, and so this movement effectively benefited from tools which globalization field has offered about informational and communicational technologies. In this study first globalization phenomenon and then its effects, consequences and resistances is explained. Then it emphasized on Islam world conditions or Islamic countries in globalization age. After that, the cultural globalization and various sights about it, with concentrating on view points of some Islamic authors, will be studied. In this subject also will study the attitude of Islam and Arabic worlds about globalization. The end one devoted to explain the correlation of globalization and Al-Qaeda anti-Americanism terrorism.

Historical analysis of migration process show that in various ways there is a relationship between migration and development. Present gap between people living level isnt the basic and main motive in formation of migration flows and furthermore always just these society's vulnerable groups dont migrate. Human experiences especially in current age has well proved this fact that each positive social motion, any growth and development in different arena forms in gentle social context and in undesirable conditions especially in struggle and wars situations (whether in inside or outside level), growth fields, development and progress fails or at least will be decreased. The lack of development, consider as a one of the human security threats. Those societies that suffers from deep categorical gaps and saturated societies from political, economical, social and field prejudices, are for advent of equal breaks and these gaps in each society consider as a potential danger for constant security. Societies in which citizens freely can critique deficiencies and democratically in democratic arena have a role and in fact improve contribution situations, will be supported from settlement security. All countries which encounter wide migration phenomenon, are countries which while developing, are transiting from not very desirable conditions to desirable conditions. On the other hand variation and advent of massive social, political and economical changes is of common dimensions of all societies which deal with high rate of their citizens migration. Thus in first step, can accept that there is a significant relation between wide migration of a country and common development progress of that country. On the other hand citizen's widespread migration of a country, is direct result of failed development process in that society.

Some changes took place in the Iranian-American relations in the 1350s of the solar calendar. The Nixon doctrine which called for ensuring security in the Persian Gulf region by regional powers strengthened the relation between Iran and the US. Shah accepted his military role in the region to achieve his ambitious goals; for this purpose he tried to strengthen his relations with the US and bought a lot of weapons and military equipment at a great cost. This led to the dominance of the US and the presence of American military counselors in Iran. In this article these relations are analyzed.

The Ethical characteristics of individuals pave the way for many social, cultural and even political actions and reactions in the society. When the everyday social ethics change into norms and sometimes rules, governments are also affected by this process and play their particular role in the domestic and international policy. Because of the specific ethical and social characteristic of the Iranian society, which is affected by various factors, the reaction of governments and the way they are influenced by the ethical and cultural environment of the society are of great importance. In fact, it can be claimed that the political conduct of governments is affected by the social conduct of individuals. Although factors such as national interest, security and the international system affect the political conduct of governments, the role of ethical and social characteristics cannot be ignored. This article aims to analyze the relationship between the domestic and international political conduct of governments and the ethical and social conduct of society, and briefly examine the relevant factors.