Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 4, 2012

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene is important in determining plasma triglyceride levels, a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. Mutation in this gene affected plasma triglyceride level. We looked for possible associations of the APOA5 gene polymorphism S19W with coronary heart disease (CHD) in a sample of Iranian population.

A total of 73 CHD patients and 55 controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for this single nucleotide polymorphism. Serum lipids and Fast Blood Sugar concentrations were measured in all subjects with enzymatic method.

Allele frequencies observed in our population were 0.041 for the W allele and 0.959 for the S allele which are similar to other populations (p>0.05). There is no evidence that APOA5 S19W, is a risk factor of CHD in our sample (p>0.05). In addition, we observed no association between the APOA5 W allele and elevated plasma TG levels (p>0.05) in the CHD group. This result was also present in the control group (p>0.05).

The APO A5 gene polymorphism in S19W gene has no association with the high susceptibility to CHD.

Exercise and extreme environments, causes hormonal and immune systems changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was evaluating the relationship between cortisol and leukocytosis and Neutrophil numbers after exercise in cold, warm and natural temperatures.

Ten young male athletes ran on a treadmill for an hour at the intensity of %60VO2max in three temperature conditions of normal (22±1˚c, 50±5RH), cold (3±1˚c, 50±2RH) and warm (35±1˚c, 50±5RH). Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. The total numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils were computed using Sysmex Kohden Nihon and serum cortisol concentrations determined by using ELISA. For comparing of data before and after exercise used from Paired T-test and for examine the relationship between variables used from Pearson Correlation Coefficient test.

The total leukocytes and the cortisol levels increased significantly after the exercise, in all the conditions (p<0.0001). Also, the number of neutrophils increased significantly after exercise in cold (p=0.001) and normal (p=0.001) environments. In addition, a significant relation was observed between cortisol levels and leukocytosis (R=0.783, P=0.007 and R=0.813, P=0.004) and between cortisol and Neutrophils after exercising in the natural and warm environment (R=0.806, P=0.005 and R=0.852, P=0.002). But, there was no significant relationship between these values after exercise in cold (R=0.63, P=0.051 and R=0.554, P=0.096).

Exercise in all the three conditions causes the release of cortisol through stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) and effect of cortisol receptor on immune cells could cause increase Neutrophils and leukocytosis. It seems that elevation of cortisol concentration during exercise in warm and natural environments is responsible for increase Neutrophils and leukocytosis. Moreover, during exercise in cold environments, factors other than cortisol, such as catecholamine and cardiovascular changes and muscle damage may lead to this event.

Various communities continuously try to manage the unexpected events. In this regard, hospitals with providing timely health care services has transformed to the most pragmatic unit of health system. Planning and preparation of them should be strategic policy of health system. This paper aimed to investigate the strength and weakness of crisis management in training hospitals of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.

This is descriptive-analytic research. Research statistical population includes managers, nursing directors, financial directors and masters of crises committee of hospitals, totally 34 persons. Data collected with questionnaire in 8 domains and demographic information. Questionnaire was validated and reliabled. Collected data entered to SPSS and analyzed by descriptive & inferential statistics.

Preparedness Rate of Hospitals encounters Unexpected Events was average (50%). Preparedness rate in managerial policies (44.1%), structural and non-structural stability (41.2%) and register & informed (47%) domains were in average level. In this regard HEICS (32.3%), maneuvers (55.9%) and use of relative technologies were in very low grade. Between preparedness rate with crises committee function, training and maneuvers there were meaningful relations (P<0.05).

Suitable crises management will be feasible by documented planning, preparing intra and extra organizational relations, reinforcing human resources with organizing, delivering of training and durational maneuvers to them.