فهرست مطالب

مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1389)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1389/11/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Dr. S. M. Nejati Hosseini Page 9
    It is an important problem in recent social order studies, from the philosophical perspective, what are the essences of social order? For this reason, the main subject of this article is Habermasian philosophy and its relations with the social order. It is supposed that the political philosophy of Habermas and its theoretical as well as practical implications are back stones for understanding of the socio-philosophical problem of order. In order to this assumption, we focus on the basic elements of Habermasian philosophy as well as sociology. Therefore, these are two theoretical trajectories that Habermas applies: the communicative rationality (CR) and discursive ethics (DE).for Habermas, in political philosophy as well as in sociology, social reproduction of every kind of social norms in life-world based on ordered social interactions; that its social order gained from communicative rationality and discursive ethics. The former (CR) organizes social norms as well as interactions ordered on mutual understanding, but the latter is formed by mutual agreement. Consequently, in this article we explain how, from the Habermasian perspectives, these philosophico-social procedures result in discursive social order.
    Keywords: Communicative rationality, discursive ethics, social order, Habermasian political philosophy, sociology, discursive order
  • S. R. Mousavi Page 55
    In developing their theories in political philosophy, some schools of thought have great emphasize on the concept of neutrality as the foundation of their theories. One of these schools is that of "Liberals" and a well-known figure who belongs to this school is John Rawls. Reconsidering his Theory of Justice, John Rawls presented a revised version of the theory known as Political Liberalism. This article examines neutrality and its characteristics in Rawls’ political liberalism theory.
    Keywords: liberalism, politics, neutrality, theory of justice
  • Sh. Lakzaei Page 75
    Anthony Giddens is one of the major theorists of this century in the sociological sphere. His importance as a most influential theorist of modernity, more than anything is because of the creation and presentation of the Structuration theory. Giddens tries to give a clearer vision about the nature of the contemporary world. Hence he raises his third view as Structuration combining structure and agent that can give us more accurate analysis in the contemporary world. This article tries to mention the importance of structuration theory through a brief explanation of the role of agency and structure in this theory and its epistemological, ontological and methodological roots. Finally we leave some of the shortcomings of this theory to a brief discussion.
    Keywords: Anthony Giddens, Structuration theory, agency, structure, ontology, epistemology, methodology
  • Dr. A. Omidi Page 95
    Given to the mosaic identity of states around the world, they have experienced different models for good spatial governance. Even now some states regardless of existence and non-existence of potential ethnic tensions are looking ways of good governance of space and multi-ethnic geography. Until now 5 models including centralization, federalism, consociationalism, decentralization, and territorial autonomy have been tested in several countries. In this article, the similarities and differences of these models and their benefits and shortcomings in application on Iran are analyzed in an analytic-historic perspective. The findings indicated that it is not possible to consider any of them as panacea and their success depends on the historical developments and the process of democracy. About Iran, it is argued that just the decentralization model can be applied and other models are inapplicable on this country. But it requires that in City Councils the law to be modified, the mayors to be elected directly by people, the law on Iranian Principle 44 of Constitution to be executed effectively and the structure of budgeting in Iran to be modified in favor of the regions.
    Keywords: good governance, centralization, federalism, Consociationalism, decentralization, territorial autonomy, City Councils, local government
  • Dr. M. Abedi Ardakani Page 127
    The goal of this paper is to address two main questions: 1- Can we explain the formation of unity between Egypt and Syria in terms of the quadruplet models of integration theory ("Functionalism", "Neo-Functionalism", "Communication", and "Federalism")?; 2- How can we analyze the collapse of this alliance? Our hypotheses are as so: 1- "Pan Arabic system" model, centered in Egypt, is more suitable in accounting for the emergence of the alliance as compared with the quadrupled models; 2- the "Political culture incompatibility" between the two countries will lead to the collapse of the alliance. To assess the above hypotheses, first, the integration theory and its prominent quadruplet models will be explained. Then, each of these four models will be evaluated with the case study in order to determine the degree of their adaptation. Subsequently, the adaptation extent of the alternative model to the emergence of the alliance is reviewed. Finally, to analyze the collapse of the above alliance, incompatibility of the political culture between Egypt and Syria is assessed. In the end, some conclusions will be drawn.
    Keywords: Alliance, Egypt, Syria, integration theory, Political culture
  • Dr. N. A. Mansourian, K. Sedaghati Page 155
    How to organize power is the first problem that preoccupies the minds of lawyers and politicians in each society regarding the question of creating a legal order and writing a new constitution. Since the fall of Saddam and his Baath Party, the fundamental legal and political issue has been how the political institutions should be organized. On the one hand, the political, cultural, and geographical characteristics of Iraq led some thinkers to support the theory of “the establishment of federalism in Iraq”. On the other hand, in the name of values such as unity, some intellectual groups supported a united and centralized Iraq and preventing the formation of separatist approaches. The confrontation of these positions finally resulted in the official creation of a federal system under the new constitution adopted on 25 October 2005. However, there is still debate concerning the success or failure of that system, which brings vast theoretical and practical challenges. The present essay seeks to clarify all aspects of Iraqi federalism and considering the arguments of both approaches concludes that Iraqi federalism can be a successful experience in the Middle East.
    Keywords: federalism, Iraqi constitution, ethnic diversity, religious diversity, democracy
  • Dr. S. Vosoughi, Y. Kamaeizade Page 185
    Regionalism and globalization have been considered as important phenomena in politico–economic field. Globalization also has deeply impacted on political economy of countries and progression in international trade. On the other side new regionalism and globalization during last two decades escalated both as dominated streams in international political economy as well as international politics. Globalization is acting like double edge sword; i.e. providing challenges and opportunities at the same time, therefore regionalism has been considered as an important issue in this time.
    Keywords: regionalism integration, globalization, Cold War, international political economy
  • Dr. A. M. Asgarkhani, R. Rahmati Page 213
    The dominant paradigm governing of international relations (IR) theories obout security has been affected more than any thing else by causalitycentric realism theory about securing and increasing factors and the ways of making security; but since the mid 1980, IR theories gradually have moved toward reflectivist theories. Moreover, the paradigm of IR as a realistic concept begin to decline with emergence of the debate on IR and due to post-modernism claims that sovereign states are not the main actor of IR. Post-modernism, Moreover, regard traditional approach as imposed realities on society. So the aim of present research is to examine the concept of international security in both realist and post-modernist approaches and explain why post modernism do not pay attention to realism concepts regarding security issues.
    Keywords: IR, international security, realism, post, modernism, security