مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1389)

Since 9/11 attacks the study of terrorism has undergone a major transformation from a minor subfield of security studies into a large standalone field, and is probably one of the fastest expanding areas of research in the academic world. However, much of the literature is surrounded by a number of problems, limiting its potential for producing rigorous empirical findings and genuine theoretical advancements. This article argues that a critical approach can provide a comprehensive frame for analyzing the terrorism phenomenon which being beyond traditional restrictions. Applying the Robert Cox division of international theories into problem-solving and critical theories, the authors at the first, examine the main shortcomings and limitations of orthodox terrorism studies in explaining P.K.K, thenceforth examine exactly how critical approach explains generally the terrorism and specifically the political behavior of P.K.K.

Understanding foreign policy as a whole composed of various aspects is a basic purpose in International Relations field. This article intends to compare French foreign policy in De Gaulle’s State with Turkey's foreign policy in Turgot Ouzels State to understand how myths of two cultural contexts affect policy-making of the leaders. So authors try to understand this effect by Mircea Eliade's mythological approach as known as Eternal Return.

Nowadays usually has argued that the main topic of political economy is analyzing economic phenomena from social, political and historical point of view, and it contains a relationship between economy, society and politics. The concrete investigations show that such concept of political economy as an interdisciplinary approach is generally a new one that appeared since 1970s. From seventeenth century to the first half of nineteenth century political economy generally assumed as a science of public policy-making, and from the late nineteenth century to early years of second half of twentieth century, first as an outdated term, and second generally as a discipline contains within itself less scientific aspects of economics. Thus, political economy contains conceptual pluralism, and more important, this conceptual developments accompanied by the relationship between economics and politics. In this article, with insistence on pluralistic nature of this knowledge, author shows that Schumpeterian conception of political economy as ‘different thing for different peoples’ is a historicist notion of political economy. Author tries to analyze conceptual transformations of political economy from the historical point of view, concentrating of three main periods.

This article tries to explain the role of structural transformations of world political economy in industrialization of third world countries in recent decades. Based on Gramscian historical materialism in international political economy, here globalization taken as a new phase of development of capitalism. International division of labor, new model of accumulation, appearances of new modes of technology, new socio-economic formulation and new power structure adequate to global capital are some of the characteristics of such capitalism. As a consequence, developed countries under the transnational block of power, concentrated on new technologies. But in contrast, old technologies (still industries, foundry and basic products of petrochemical industries for example) are dominated in industrial sphere of third world. Relations between West world and third world are based on such uneven distribution of industries. The main claim of the article is that there is a direct relationship between capitalistic globalization under systemic development-crises cycle since 1970 in one hand and industrialization of third world in other hand.

This paper seeks to examine the following questions: 1) May we say that Iran’s foreign policy has been confrontational-assertive since president Ahmadinejad came to power in 2005?; and 2) If we accept that Ahmadinejad’s foreign policy has been confrontational–assertive, what factors have contributed to it? The author believes that Iran’s foreign policy has been confrontational-assertive and accommodationist-active simultaneously. Secondly, the origins of the simultaneous confrontationalassertive and accommodationist-active approaches in Iran’s foreign policy since Ahmadinejad’s taking power may be found in psychological (Ahmadinejad’s system of beliefs), social (social origin of Ahmadinejad’s Administration), political (competition among Iranian political factions), historical (the ideals of the Islamic Revolution) and international (the Western states’ behavior towards Iran, particularly during Khatami’s administration) factors.

Here authors are trying to explain a model of decision-making in foreign policy of countries with non-institutionalized, autocratic systems. For this purpose, decision making model in foreign policy of second Pahlavi period, especially Shah’s way of decision making in surrendering Bahrain and establishing Iranian sovereignty in three islands selected as a case for study. Model of decision-making in this period is a mixture of cognitive system and rational analyses of decision making based on profit-and-loss account. Cognitive system (believes) has more effects on final goal than rational analyses (profit-and-loss account).

Institutionalism and Discourse theory are the two important paradigms in analysis of social issues. Our finding show that both paradigms have some defects and some similar basis in explanation of social issues, although they use different expressions. The article shows that we can combine these paradigms and provide a better pattern. The idea of combining these paradigms at first offered by Schmidt but this article proposes different approach and provides a better pattern for analysis of social phenomena

Contemporary Iranian history is the period of encountering west, facing with new and serious challenges, and posing general and philosophical questions in both theory and practice fields. In this period, some western conceptions entered into epistemic system of Iranian thought, turned into special meanings. Also the new meanings could not attain a consensus and intersubjective unity. Such an encounter makes society to have a special approach to intellectual and political tradition, and transformations of believe system and socio-political structure would be demanded.

This article tries to show how, and with what conceptual potentialities, the Hegelian approach created a perspective that upon it attempt to explain the necessity of break with tradition. The main claim is that some Iranian intellectuals explain necessity of break with tradition, internalizing German idealism framework, especially Hegelian approach to tradition and modernity, and generalizing western experience into Iranian locality. Methodologically, this article based on theoretical potentialities of Bourdieuian term habitus, tries to approve that intellectuals approach to phenomena formulates upon different subjective and objective element, and in direct relation with great theories. Intellectuals after internalization of main concepts and presuppositions of one theory, achieve a subjectivity through which, upon a constructed habitus, observe and analyze the phenomena without any compulsion.