فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، بهار 1391)

In addition to physical capital، human and economic، as the emerging concept of «social capital» has been in development issues. Elements to a set of individual and group social capital، along with formal and informal social relations within and between the real and abstract elements، implies that the social participation، social cohesion and social trust، the birth effects and increases in Finally، on all aspects of development impact. Relationship between social capital and economic development aspects of the studies on social capital is associated with the frequency uncertainties. This paper uses data on 164 indicators of the «percentage of women in ministry» and «percentage of seats occupied by women in parliament» as indicators of social capital and the data «per capita GDP» as an indicator of economic development and using Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationship between social capital and economic development is discussed. The results of the relationship between per capita GDP as an indicator of the economic development of women in ministry، in human development between countries with high، medium and low، suggesting that only in countries with high human development group with significant and positive relationship between economic development and social capital indicators exist.

Pay attention to a permanent extension is an important point for developing country. The permanent extension includes the development of increasing from day to day influencing the different parts of life & it doesn’t be unilateral action; in fact; it must be continual & doesn’t make a harmful impression on natural environment. therefore; this research is done for «determine the general relation between dwelling cooperative operation of shirvan & extension of town» for getting our purpose; we consider two hypothesizes; first one including «relation between the operation of dwelling cooperative & physical extension of shirvan & second hypothesis is relation between the operation of dwelling hypothesis & changing the application of cultivate lands. This research is included nine cooperatives. The geographical field of studying is shirvan it''s located in northeastern of khorasan. its in danger of different faults that surrounded by alladagh & shahjahan mountains for first hypothesis; we were written list of questions that were answered by 325 numbers of cooperative. By doing a test of numbers of cooperative people. By doing a test of I student there are specified different based on statistics between agreement & disagreement groupes. (pvalue<%5) in other words; her aren’t relation in the middle of dwelling cooperative &physical extension. it mean that the most people believe that dwelling cooperative didn''t maintain high standards of physical extension for receiving of second hypothesis we have done quality research that collecting documents & evidence of deportments. As the result of their calculating; it specified the relation between dwelling cooperatives & cultivation lands in shirvan in other words: we can say that dwelling cooperative operation is cansed changing application of cultivation lands. In according to rules & clear instructions shouldn’t have done it to sum up: the dwelling cooperative of shirvan is cansed to damage cultivation lands so badly that they no longer exists.

The importance survey of the villages of Anzali wetland margin of the various viewpoint is necessary as a plan for the physical، economic، cultural، social، tourism and special-physical development، so accordingly is intended for the villages of wetland margin of this zone. What importance do the villages of Anzali wetland margin of the economic، social and touristic viewpoint have from the point of view the geography? It was set forth as the main question and accordingly، was considered the research hypotheses. The most important of the research findings as follows as: The absolute majority of the villagers of the wetland margin had satisfied about planning for the job of youth، the elevation of the livelihood position and improving on their life and finally preventing from the immigration to cities. With attention to the high potentials of this zone and the exact planning، there is a positive relation with the investment of the private and governmental sectors، and cooperation and participation of the villagers. The present research is applied and is used of the descriptive and analytical method. The survey method have been as the documental and field studies. The methodology of the research is on the base of the systematic approach. The research result indicates that Anzali wetland does not have the suitable condition environmentally and every year creates the obvious and hidden damages. So، planning and surviving wetland is necessary. In this research، offers and solutions have been presented for prolonging the wetland and raise its product efficiency and consequently improving the economic، livelihood، social، cultural and tourism situation of the people of the area.

The importance of green spaces in urban environments is enumerated so that as one indicator of the development of communities and as a indicator to improve quality of life. thus، balanced distribution of this is important in the city. More important point of locating of general green spaces is social necessities of creation of park. Incorrect locating of these spaces can be lead to abnormalities in cities. The study approach is inductive، descriptive- analytical while we attempt to assess the distribution and dispersion of parks and green spaces in miandoab city، we determined spatial priorities of green spaces growth in the city zones. Results showed that during the past decade، per capita of green space in miandoab city is increased from 1. 79 to 3. 45 square meters but with the increasing per capita، per capita differences between poor and rich areas has been increasing dramatically and Imbalance in the spatial distribution of urban parks، has been increasing more. Considering per capita quantitive shortage of green space in comparison to proposed per capita of detailed and comprehensive plan of city and national standards and in addition، considering existing spatial imbalance spatial distribution of urban parks of miandoab we are trying to identify spatial priority of green spaces growth and urban parks using AHP in the 5 zones of miandoab city. Criteria to locate green space (city park) in this study were set rate of access، population density، existing per capita of green space، Land Use Compatibility with other landuses، state-owned lands، existing open spaces and wastelands، distance from existing parks and proximity to the river. Options of this study were 5zones of miandoab city. Results showed that the zone of 2 with the score of 0. 272 is allocated most points and is placed in the first spatial priority of green spaces growth and urban parks. zones of 1، 5 and 3 are in the next rankings with the scores of 0. 246، 0. 241 and 0. 169. the zone of 4 is allocated lowest score (0. 072) to itself and thus it has the lowest spatial priority to growth green spaces.

This study was performed because of the importance of the evaluation of the Human Development state of all provinces in a ten-year period regarding the era of the information technology، for knowledge-based fifth-national development plan specially in reaching the goals of the horizon. In this study while presenting the Direct، Indirect and financial indexes in order to clear the critics concerning the Human Development indexes method in combination with indexes; multi factorial analytical combination tests are performed. Therefore 161 indices in year 1997 and 2009 were joined using Principal Opponent Analysis and Numerical Taxonomy techniques and finally each Province''s Human Undeveloped indexes was compared with the others. Results show a %22. 2 improvement in the mean index، but the rate of the inequality among them was increased، in both years 1997 and 2009 Tehran stands in the first and Sistan-Baloochestan in the last place regarding the combination of the Human development Indices.

The effects of climate on humanity societies cause the bioclimatic studies have important role in urban planning studies. Because the result of such studies can be implemented in new human dwelling and the development of the existing settlements. In this study a climatic model is designed for building and settlements in Zanjan city by study the bioclimatic conditions that invasion in it. The results of this research shown that in Zanjan city: 1- Invasion of cold weather in 6 month of year is main problem in human resting. 2- Building planning must use of aggregated planning. 3- Builsing should be oriented to the south. 4- Having a window on south wall are require for building. 5- During the cold season heating is require

The problems of unofficial settlements in urban areas are one of the characteristics in developing countries. According to the official data and information this problem is growing rapidly more than ever. For the solution and regularity management of this problem it is needed a special devices and planning. This paper is an investigation about impacts of regularity management and planning of urbanism in the unofficial settlement wards in Khorramabad. The results shows that only consider to one dimensions of this problem are not sufficient for solution of this problem. Slum areas in urban areas demonstrate national poverty in the region. Basically inefficient spatial planning in Iran is clearly reflected in the problems of an unofficial settlement in Khorramabad that، in this case the role and effects of urban management was ignored and less attention has paid to it. In order To minimize the problem in this city، the best solution، if it is to be effective، is to prioritize the regeneration policy on the spot، as the an emphasis on a strategy which can help the people living in these areas improve capabilities

Quality of life in rural areas is important factors،today notice agreat planning. Wile govermentcan factors; economic،socially،envaironment designate rural areas. Quality of life in ruralareas yearly old was with aim advance economic change. whether today notice world-wide changing this way self in space replacement style،Socially،improve research rural area. theaim research quality of life assessment in rural areas of socially rural areas with characer distance of city centre with technique (TEV). Research method wasdescriptive and analytic. present study،in order to recognize the indicators quality of lifesocially characer in rural areas، one hundred twenty of rural people and Ten villages were randomly selected to fill out questionnaires. then، through SPSS software. The results of the study show that sig was،factots lowermost average λ0/5shows that quality of life in rural areas has been positive effects on rural areas. this positive was effectson rurals; zinevan. mahdiabad. lalehmarz. yaghoblengeh and amirabad.

The aim of this study is the effection of tourism factors on tendency of active sport man tourists that dispatch to Iran. The study is survey descriptive in nature. The data collection instrument is a research made questionnaire that measures these factors in 5 domains: substructures، unnatural and natural attractions، culture، management and politics. A pilot study was done; the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was %85 for 32 sportsman tourists by use of Cronbakh alpha. Statistical populations was 132 active Sportsman tourists including players، Coaches، supervisors، physicians and managers of Russia، Turkey، Armenia، Uzbekistan، Greece، Sweden، Canada، Jordan، Kuwait and India that dispatched to Iran. For the sampling، the census method was used. For inferential Analyzing، t-test، regression coefficient، f-test was used. Pay attention to the average of tourism factors، substructures، political، unnatural and natural attractions، management and culture factors are high important. The results of related to tourism factors influences of tourists point of view between 28- above 40 years age are significant different in management factor and pay attention to responsibility in team، this results indicated that all of tourism factors are equal influences in sport tourists tendency. According to the data، tendency of active sport tourists to Iran for improve to sport economy is when that all of this factors to be liable to attention.

Productive cooperative is an appropriate essential for agricultural situation improvement in the cause of inefficiency of semi husbandry system in creating of mobility and dynamic of agricultural sector. Also productive cooperative play important role to redistribution of gained benefits from agricultural sector growth، creating productive and dynamic employment، people participation development، decreasing of investment risk، declining of production governmental costs and … The purpose of the present study was to survey of factors affecting the success of rural production cooperatives in Parsabad County. The target population in the study was the 204. Also at this research was selected the 100 rural production cooperatives members in the rural areas of Parsabad county by way random sampling via from Cochran’s test. In other word، for measuring of success amount of rural productive cooperation was used factors analysis model in Parsabad County. At the end، result showed that the most important of affecting factors of productive cooperative success in the rural areas are component four such as (inside management improvement، motivational economical and participations abilities، improvement of economical and education and monitoring) that the variance and explained accumulated variance number is (60. 53) via this four factor.