فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری
سال سوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1390)

This study was carried out as a preliminary ecological study of Ferdows city lizards, for seven months in Southern Khorasan province. A total of 72 specimens were collected from 11 locations by hand and continuous walking and direct observation. Specimens were transferred to the laboratory and identified by identification keys. The results showed, the specimens are belonging to three families: Lacertidae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae, 10 genera and 17 species: Teratoscincus scincus, T. bedriagai, Crossobamon eversmanni, Bunopus tuberculatus, Phrynocephalus scutellatus, Ph. mystaceus, Trapelus agilis, Eremias nigrocellata, E. fasciata, E. persica, Agamura persica, Mesalina watsonana, Cyrtopodion scabrum, C. caspium, C. longipes, Laudakia nupta and L. microlepis. The habitat of species were studied too.

Skin as a protector for internal organs of fish, keeping osmoregulation and indicator in fish health has an important rule. For histomorphometric survey by light microscopic, skin of dorsal fin and caudal peduncle of 20 Barbus grypus with 5mm thickness removed and fixed in bouin solution, then routine procedures of preparation of tissues were followed. Paraffin blocks were cut at 5 to 6 micron, stained with H&E and PAS. In histological examination, skin of this sector is made from epidermis and derm that located on loose connective tissue called hypoderm. In histometric study, skin was divided to different sectors based on cells distribution. The results showed, different sectors of Barbus grypus skin tissue, has some difference, for example lack of taste bud in dorsal, middle and caudal peduncle but has some similarity to the other species as well.

This study touches on abundance and distribution of sea cucumber, Holothuria insignis in the intertidal zones of Chabahar Gulf in Oman Sea from November 2008 to September 2009. The area of study was in coastal area of Sistan and Balouchestan province (25°16́́ 61̋ to 25°22́ 47 N, 60°39́ 90 to 60°24́ 38 E). Sampling was randomly done bimonthly during low tide from 5 stations, by using 1m×1m quadrate. Then, samples were counted and identified and their abundance, distribution and stability were studied. The results showed that the most frequency of H. insignis belong to January on 2009. Surveyed of distribution and stability indicators revealed that dispersion of H. insignis in all months was random and their stability was often spread. Only in the stations 2, 3 and 4 samples of H. insignis had been seen

This research is to determine the level of PCBs in skin and muscle of Esox Lucius & Cyprinus carpio in the west part of Anzali wetland (Abkenar) in autumn 2009 to winter 2010. For sampling of water, sediment, suspended particles in water and also catch Esox Lucius and Cyprinus carpio fishes four sampling sites were selected in Abkenar each season. Nine fish samples were caught from each species and biometry was done for the samples (for determination of total and standard weight and length). Collected samples of water, sediment, suspended particles and fishes were transferred to the laboratory in standard condition (MOOPAM) and then muscles and skins of the fishes were removed. After preparation, extract and clean up the samples, analyses of PCBs were carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC-ECD) with Ni63 ionization detector. The most dangerous isomers of PCBs (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) which are used as marine pollution indicators especially in coastal areas such as ports and creeks have been surveyed in skin and muscle tissues. Maximum concentration of these dangerous isomers is related to the isomer with more CL number (PCB 153 &138) in skin and muscle of Esox lucius and cyprinus carpio. But the maximum concentration in water, sediment and suspended particles is related to the isomers with less CL number (PCB52).

Bacterial bioluminescence is a phenomenon caused by luciferase enzymes. All of these enzymes catalyze the same chemical reactions and are heterodimers composed of an α and β subunit encoded on adjacent genes, luxA and luxB, together with genes luxCDE which code for a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde, will organize the vibrio fischeri lux operon. In the this study chromosomal fragments contain, luxA and luxB genes of the bacterium vibrio fischeri are amplified and subsequently the amplified fragments have cloned into pTZ57R vector. Cloning has confirmed by the PCR methods and digestion with restriction enzymes EcoRI / BamHI for luxA gene and BglII/KpnI for luxB gene. Results showed that sequenced luxA and luxB genes have 95% and 89% identity with the GenBank. Now luciferase cloned genes after subcloning into suitable expression vectors can be useful as reporters in different biotechnological and research fields.

Khramulia (Capoeta capoeta gracilis) is one of the semi economically valuable fishes in the rivers. This fish is a potamodoromous and spawning in rivers. The study of fecundity and biometry are one of the important indicators of reproduction biology in fishes. The present study was conducted in the spring of 2010 on 36 Khramulia specimens caught from each of 2, 3 and 4 years, the Sefidroud River to investigate fecundity and biometry in this species. According to surveyed average of total length was 195.5±22.13mm (152-256 mm), average of fork length was 182.19±20.98mm (144-238mm), average of standard length was 168.38± 19.62mm (130-220mm), average of weight 85.11g (40.1-165.3), average of gonad weight 2.23±0.98g (0.52-4.60g), average of absolute fecundity 1572.60±759.38 eggs (605.55-3901.28 eggs), average of relative fecundity 19.51±9.68 (8.77-57.27), average of egg number 77.74±38.82g (22.6-263.7g) average of egg diameter 1.16ml (0.98-2.23mm) and gonado-somatic index (GSI) 2.63% (0.9-4.9%). Maximum average absolute fecundity (2355.27± 699.64 eggs) belonged to 4 year old Khramulia specimens and maximum average relative fecundity (22.5±12.9) belonged to 2 year old Khramulia specimens. Among different age groups of fish were significant difference in mean of total length, fork length, standard length, weight, gonad weight, egg number, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity (P0.05). While it was not significant difference egg diameter and gonadosomatic index between these female broods (P> 0.05).

On day 16 of incubation 600 Ross 308 breeder fertile eggs were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicate and 30 eggs per replicate in a randomized complete block design. Experimental groups were, 1) Non- injected (control), 2) in ovo injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 3) in ovo injection of 0.5% glutamine glutamine in 0.9% saline solution 4) in ovo injection of 1% glutamine in 0.9% saline solution and 5) non-injected group used for feeding a diet containing 1% glutamine during rearing period. At day 18 of incubation one ml of in ovo solution were injected into amniotic fluid of eggs and control group and 1% glutamine group (diet) remained non-injected but treated such as injected groups. Upon hatch, chicks were weighed and transferred to experimental house and reared for 42 days. At day 3 post-hatch, intestine samples were taken for morphology measurement. Antibody response against SRBC (sheep red blood cells) was measured in the 21 and 28 day. Comparing to control, in ovo injection of glutamine 0.5% increased hatchling weight significantly (P<0.05). In ovo injection of solutions had no significant effect on hatchability. in ovo administration of glutamine had no significant effects on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Carcass traits, bursa of fabricius weight was higher in 0.5% glutamine injection groups, although the difference was not significant. In the current study, In ovo administration and dietary supplementation of glutamine had no significant effects on post-hatch performance, small intestine morphology and anti-SRBC immune response of broiler chicks.

Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) is one of the economically valuable fishes in polycultural systems. One of the main problems in it’s culture is artificial propagation and production of larva. Meanwhile, male broods have significant role in propagation process. For this reason in the propagation season at 2009, was studied the effect of male broods age on artificial propagation efficiency in bighead carp. 3 females (4 years old) were fertilized with 3 male age groups include: 3 years old (treatment 1), 4 years old (treatment 2) and 3+4 years old (treatment 3) individually. The sperm mobility duration, percentage of motile spermatozoa, sperm pH and density and hatching rate did not show significant differentes (P>0.05) between 3 age groups, but spermatocrit was significantly higher in 4 years old males (P<0.05). The maximum fertilization rate, and survival rate were observed in. treatment 3 (P<0.05). This study showed that, the composition of 3 and 4 years old males sperm had a positive effect on fertilization performance.