نشریه دانش حسابرسی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 46، بهار 1391)

The main purpose of this paper is investigating impact of audit quality on earnings management in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. Prior researches (Namazi et al., 2011; Karami et al., 2011) use proxies as auditor tenure and audit firm size for measuring audit quality but in this research, we use auditor industry specialization for measuring audit quality. For investigating this relationship; we use data for 117 listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange for period of 2006-2010. We use the absolute value of discretionary accruals as a proxy for accounting-based earnings management.We also use a market approach as a proxy for determining of specialist industry auditor. Our findings indicate that clients of industry specialist auditors have lower absolute value of accruals relative to firms with incentives to manage earnings that do not hire industry specialist auditors.

It’s expected in efficient capital markets that all of available information, reflect rapidly in the price of securities. If entering accounting information to the market cause to changes of share price, this information relate to the share value and have information content. In this paper, the effect of conservatism on the value relevance, has researched. In order to doing this research, information of 110 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange market (TSE), during 7 years course between 2004 to 2010, have used. In order to measuring to conservatism of two criteria, asymmetric timeliness of earnings, and the accruals-based criteria, has used. And in order to measuring the value relevance, two Price and Return criteria has used. The results of the paper indicate that the value relevance of accounting information has no significant difference, in companies with high and low degree of conservatism. In the other words, conservatism degree of companies, has no effect on information contents of their accounting items. By doing additional examination, these results partly adjusted, because it can realized from this examinations that companies with moderate and high conservatism degree, offered relatively, more relevant accounting information to share value.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of the companie's operating cycle on the stability of their accruals and also the stability of the accrual and cash components of earning in which the ability of clarifying the future profits is the criterion for the stability of the accrual and cash components of earning. In this research 83 companies within a period of five years from 1384 to 1388(solar calendar) have been analyzed in order to study and improve the effective factors on the stability of the accruals of earning. This analysis has been done according to Q. Hao's (2009) model and after that, for comparison, the stability of the accruals within each part have been studied according to Sloan 's (1996) model. The results showed that in Iran there is no meaningful relation between the length of the operating cycle and the stability of the accruals, and we cannot confirm that the companies which have a longer operating cycle have more instability in their accruals and also the results proved that the accrual components, of earning have less stability than the cash components, thus the cash components of earning have more ability to predict the future earnings, and thus the more cash components the more stable the earning will be.

This study focused on measuring the alignment between AIS requirements and AIS capacity, then investigating whether this AIS alignment is linked to firm performance. AIS alignment with 19 accounting information characteristics for both requirement and capacity, with using questionnaire, was evaluated by financial managers of 93 manufacturing companies listed at Tehran stock exchange. Average of the return on equity, price/ earnings ratio, the carefulness of profit prediction and financial reports rapidness, for years of 1387 and 1388 (Iranian calendar) are used as performance criteria. Two statistical methods were performed to indicate association between AIS alignment and firms’ performance. The results of testing four hypotheses by two methods indicated that the companies with high AIS alignment had achieved better organizational performance than low AIS alignment. The findings provided evidence of the positive relation between AIS alignment and firms’ performance. Since performance and efficiency are important for the companies, investors, bankers and country industrial development planning, therefore training accountants can help successful implementation of AIS.

The aim of this research is to identify the most important obstacles to evaluate the clients internal controls over financial reporting by external auditors in a financial statements audit. To this end, it was necessary To obtain the attitudes of Iranian external auditors, and therefore, a questioner including 27 question was designed and distributed among 100 IACPA members using systematic random sampling technique. Finally 80 questioners were gathered and analyzed. Based on the statistical test applied, all of the hypotheses were statistically accepted. In addition, research findings relying on friedman test indicates low audit fees, inappropriate academic education, lack of suitable audit manuals, clients traditional internal controls systems, inefficiency of internal controls evaluation, and inappropriate professional education, respectively, are the most important obstacles for consideration of internal controls in the financial statements audits.

According to jurisiconsults, devoting delegation and delegacy is legitimated and it is considered as essential part of religion, on the base of that, whole or part of powers of taker is gain to giver to implement it on his side. This entrusting authority is considered as a part of constitutional liberty and essential right of every individual that expect in Forbidden cases or the case depended or relied on individual -that probably require intention-in other judicial affairs can entrust this authority. If this individual gains his authority from other, they can’t entrust it to others except in first entrustee’s permission and explanation. So, only in this condition delegator has the right of taking delegacy. In this sense, governmental managers and staffs who gain their authority on the base of constitution; exept in explained judicial cases- as the subject of 53th article of general constitution don’t permit to entrust it to others. As a result entrusting authority without any judicial permission is going to lead to judicial responsibility and torts of entrustees.

Privatization as an important economic policy for economic development and reducing cost of products impacts companies to get rid of inefficient performance of public entities. This research compares companies’ performance before and after transfer to the private sector. Companies that have been transferred to the private sector in 2004 are considered. This year 158 companies have been privatized, but considering the amount of transferred shares, those are included that: 1- Their needed data at least four years before and after the assignment is available. 2- Rates of the shares transferred to the private sector are: * 20 to 50 percent of total shares (group 1). * More than 50 percent of share or any amount of stock that causes control of company (group 2). In addition the research analyzes data and test hypotheses by two coupled statistical (t) test. The result took the 95% of confidence level. The studied parameters of (operating cash ratio to net sales, return of equity and net sale ratio to assets) privatized companies before and after transfer has showed no significant difference.