مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 45، مهر و آبان 1391)

Preterm labor affects 8 – 10% of pregnancies. Many drugs have been used to manage preterm labor. This study was done to compare the effect of ‘Progesterone vaginal suppository’ with ‘Isoxuperine oral tablet’ used to prolong latent period after controlling preterm labor. In this clinical trial study، 100 pregnant women with preterm labor pain admited to Afzalipoor Hospital-kerman were assessed. After their contractions was controlled، patients were divided in two groups، randomly. First group was prescribed progesterone supp. 400 mg daily and the other isoxuperine tab 10 mg TDS. They were followed to compare the effectiveness and side effects of the drug. Statistical analyses were done by independent t-test and chi-square. The two groups were equal in average time between latent phase and labor، gestational age at the time of labor، preterm labor recurrence، birth weight، admission in NICU and neonatal jaundice. In the group which used progesterone، no side effects were observed، in isoxuperine group 11. 6% suffered side effects. But a significant difference was not found in the side effects (p= 0. 058). Based on our results and because of lower maternal side effects of vaginal progesterone، it seems that vaginal progesterone could be a better choice for maintenance therapy after preterm labor arrest.

The protozoa of leishmania lead to cutaneus and visceral leishmaniasis. Activation macrophages phagocyte parasites and this mechanism can be done with production of active radicals oxygen and nitric oxide، That is done through immunomodulator، as a basic process for production of the new drug. In this study، the effect of garlic extract as an immunomodulator on J774 cells infected with Leishmania major and iNOS gene expression and IFNγ has been investigated. Leishmania major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) were added to the in-vitro cultured macrophages (J774 cells) and these cells were incubated for 72 hours. Various concentrations of garlic extract (9. 25-18. 5-37-74-148 mg/ml) were added to the infected cells. MTT assay was applied for cellular prolifration. After 72 hours of incubation، supernatants were collected and total RNA was extracted from the infected cells. The expression of IFNγ and INOS genes were studied by RT-PCR method. Untreated sample with garlic was used as control. All the experiments were repeated at least three times، and representative results were analyzed. Statistical significance (P < 0. 05) was analyzed by Student’s t-test using SPSS version16. The result of this study، using MTT method showed that، the IC50 concentration of garlic extract was 37 mg/ml. Also the expression of IFNγ and iNOS genes by RT-PCR indicated that garlic extract lead to rise of expression of these genes in the J774 cells infected with L. major. Based on the findings and importance of the cellular immunity cytokines in developing and importance of the responses، the hypothesis that the effect of AGE in cellular immunity is due to rising the IFNγ cytokines and expression of iNOS genes is confirmed.

Recent studies the reverse relation between 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid concentrations and cardiovascular risk factor was investigated in animal models، the effect of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (2-AESA) supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profile in humans، particularly have been poorly investigated in patients with Cardiac heart failure (CHF) following Bruce protocol. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the 2-AESA supplementation on the lipid and inflammatory profile in patients with CHF after Bruce protocol.

In this clinical trial study sixteen male patients between 50 to 65 years، were randomly divided into the 2-AESA and placebo groups. The 2-AESA group received 1. 5 gr.، 3 times a day in 500 milligram capsules and at the same time، the placebo group useed the starch capsules for two weeks. The plasma 2-AESA، lipid profile (TC، TG، LDL-C and HDL-C)، C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressures، and heart rate were measured before and after the 2-AESA supplementation and Bruce protocol by using standard methods. Data was analyzed by using dependent and independent t-student tests.

The 2-AESA supplementation for 2 weeks increased the plasma 2-AESA concentration (p< 0. 001)، and therefore decreased CRP (p=0. 031)، TC (p=0. 024)، LDL-C (p=0. 042) and increased HDL-C (p=0. 046) concentrations in comparison with placebo group. In addition، performing Bruce protocol following the 2-AESA supplementation showed a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures، and heart rate levels in comparasion with placebo group (p=0. 029، 0. 020 and 0. 048، respectively).

These data indicate the hypolipidemia and anti-inflammatory roles of the 2-AESA supplementation in patients with CHF after a standard activity. Therefore، the consumption of 2-AESA can be recommended to people with CHF as a preventive nutrition strategy.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional disorders of the digestive system with unknown causes. Reasearches have indicated that there is a relationship between IBS and mood disorders. The aim of this study was evaluation of the relative frequency of major depression disorder and bipolar spectrum in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in comparison with control group.

This descriptive، cross- sectional study was performed on 137 patients who were referred to a digestive clinic in Isfahan Nour hospital and had digestive complains in accordance with known cases of IBS based on ROM III criteria. Also، a control group (without digestive problems) was selected that consisted of 137 individuals. The two groups filled out Beck and MDQ questionnaires for the purpose of diagnosis depression and bipolar disorders respectively.

Relative frequency of major depression disorder in IBS patients was 78 persons (57%) which، compared with 44 persons (32%) in the control group indicated a considerable significant difference (p<0. 001). Also، the relative frequency of bipolar disorders in the affected group was 30 persons (21. 9%) versus 10 persons in the control group (7. 3%) which، regarding p=0. 001، indicates a considerable difference.

Regarding the results obtained، there is a considerable relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and mood disorders. The results indicate that cooperation between gastroenterologists and psychiatrists is an essential need for managing the irritable bowel syndrome.

Traffic accidents kill 1. 2million people and injure more than 50 million people annauall. surviving traffic accidents victims get not only physical problems but also suffer from psychological impairment، such as acute stress and post -traumatic disorder. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Acute Stress and Post-Traumatic disorders in traffic –related injuries. This descriptive study was done on 89 injured people who were hospitalized in porsina hospital (2010). They were selected with simple sampling. The data were collected using questionnaire at first week and 2 months after the accident by interview. Data ghathering instruments included demographic psycho –social characteristics and SRS- PTSD questionnaires. Data were analyzed with discriptive and analytic static tests SPSS version 16. There were not any significant relationship between prevalance of Acute Stress and Post-Traumatic disorder at 1week (30. 3%) and 2 months after it (22. 5%). With use of Multivariate multiple regression there were significant relationship observed between acute stress disorder after 1 week and duration of hospitalization (p =0. 02)، job (p=0. 003) and witnessing of death and suffering of others (p =0. 021). The findings showed that traffic accidents have an impact on psychosocial health of people. Healthcare professionals should inform the injured about maintainhng and elevation of mental health so that the frequency of acute stress and post traumatic disorder in traffic accident injured victims will be decreased.

Scientists are trying to find ways for skin wound healing in chronic diabetic diseases. The potential role of omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids on wound healing is of interest and controversial. In this study، the effects of topical application of fish and corn oils containing ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids on skin wound healing in chronic diabetic rats has been evaluated. In this intervention-experimental study، mature male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). Diabetes in four groups were induced by subcutaneous injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The fifth group was served as normal or control group. In diabetic groups، one group was non- treated group (shame group)، and two groups received fish and corn oil (FO-group and CO- group) respectively. The last diabetic group was treated with both fish and corn oil (FCO-group). All animals were wounded by a vertical 3 cm incision in the middle of their dorsum. Treatment was done 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes till complete wound healing. Wound surface area was measured at 3th، 7th، 11th، 15th and 20th post-operated days. At the same times، the histological characteristics were studied by using hematoxilin-eosine method. Required time for full healing was also measured. Our results showed that surface area of wound in FCO- group was lower than non- treated group at 11th، 15th، and 20th post- operative days significantly. Moreover the percentage of the wound healing in FCO- group was 98% at the 20th day، while this parameter in non-treated group was 70%. Histological studies showed that epidermal growth، cellular diffusion، density of collagen in FCO- group was approximately the same as the control group. The results showed that topical application of fish and corn oil together may result in an acceleration of skin wound healing in chronic diabetic rats.

RUNX2 is the most specific transcription factor in osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. In this research، RUNX2 expression was quantified in MSCs differentiated by osteogenic differentiation medium (ODM) and zoledronic acid (ZA). In this experimental study، hMSCs were treated by osteogenic differentiation medium and ZA. RNA extraction was carried out from both osteoblastic differentiated cells in the first، second and third weeks of differentiation، and also from undifferentiated MSCs. RUNX2 expression was quantified by quantitative Real Time-PCR. Gene expression of RUNX2 in the first، second and third weeks of osteogenic differentiation by ODM compared to undifferentiated MSCs showed 1. 76±0. 09-fold، 3. 54±0. 25-fold and 3. 40±0. 17-fold increase in expression، respectively. Zoledronic acid increased the expression of RUNX2 2. 91±0. 13-fold، 3. 25±0. 3-fold and 3. 36±0. 23-fold at the same time points، respectively. Comparison of RUNX2 expression by ODM (1. 76±0. 09-fold) and ZA (2. 91±0. 13-fold) in the first week of differentiation showed statistical differences (P<0. 05). Whereas، RUNX2 expression by both ODM and ZA in the second and third weeks of differentiation were approximately equal. RUNX2 expression was increased in osteoblastic differentiation by both ODM and ZA. However، it seems that ZA can cause more expression of RUNX2 in the first week of osteoblastic differentiation.

Acute and chronic stress induces hormonal and neuronal changes which affect both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviors. But the effect of acute and chronic immobilization stress on formalin induced nociceptive behaviors are unknown. Therefore، this study evaluated the effects of acute and chronic immobilization stress formalin test on the male rat.

In this study، the formalin test (50 μL، 2%) was used to evaluate the effects of acute restraint stress on nociceptive responses. Animals (42) were initially submitted to one session of acute restraint stress (15، 30، 60 min) or chronic restraint stress (10 and 20 days، each day 30 min) and immediately submitted to the formalin injection in hind paw to evaluate nociceptive behaviors.

Acute 60 minutes exposure to restraint stress did not reduce the nociceptive behaviors by chemical stimulation (formalin 2%) of the rats، while 15 minutes exposure to restraint stress reduced formalin induced nociceptive behaviors in phase 2، and 30 minutes exposure to restraint stress reduced formalin induced nociceptive behaviors in phase 1، interphase and phase 2. Chronic restraint stress for 10 and 20 days (each day 30 min) did not increase the stress induced analgesia. These findings suggest that acute exposure to restraint for 30 minutes produce greater decrease in nociceptive behaviors than 15 and 60 minutes.

Acute restraint stress can produce short-term and long-term SIA (Stress Induced Analgesia) for tonic pain. The short-term SIA is reflected as a decreasing in nociceptive behaviors during phase 1، whereas the long-term SIA is reflected as a decrease in nociceptive behaviors during phase 2.

Access to safe and adequate drinking water has been an important national goal in different countries. On the other hand، the possibility of microbial contamination and lack of control water quality chemicals is of concern to health authorities in societies. The purpose of this research was to determine the microbial and chemical quality of drinking water in bardsir in 2009-2010 and comparing the results of the study with valid standards of Iran and guidelines of WHO. This descriptive and periodical research was conducted during Augast 2009 to end of March 2011. Two thousand and seven hundred and twenty six samples for testing microbial and134 samples for chemical testing of drinking water was taken. Parameters of corrosion، including Langelier index، Ryzener، aggressive، concentration of nitrate and nitrite quantity of fecal coliforms and remaining chlorine were monitored. All the methods used for sampling and testing of the Book of Standard Test Methods Water were adapted. The results were analyzed with SPSS software. Results were reported as mean and standard deviation. The average residual chlorine water and focal coliform was found in samples of water (0. 31± 0. 23) mg/L and (1. 81±1. 6) mg/L was respectively determined. Average concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in water sources of bardsir، (7. 48 ± 4. 54) mg/L and (0. 023 ± 0. 026) mg/L average corrosion index including langelier saturation index، Ryzener index and Aggressive index +0. 41، 7. 01 and 12. 36 of drinking water respectively was achieved. The averages of index the lack of desirability coliform bacteria %95. 2 according to WHO guidelines range was good. Nitrite and nitrate levels in all water samples of bardsir was less than the recommended limits of the standard of Iran and guidelines of WHO. According to the langelier index، Ryzener and Aggressive indexes %87. 5، %66. 7، %84. 7 of Bardsir drinking water were precipitated transition respectively. Although microbial and chemical quality of water are according to limits of standards، the circumstances of potentials contamination of the region is necessary and must be continuously monitored.

One of the most common causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in adolescents is endometrial carcinoma. Evaluation of endometrial cancer in women of childbearing age، especially in the presence of other risk factors، is necessary. This study aimed to determine the frequency of pathological specimens of diagnostic curettage in patient admitted to Niknafs hospital and determining the predisposing factors for malignant cases. In this descriptive study، all the patients over 35 with complaint of abnormal bleeding in Niknafs hospital، the only maternity hospital in Rafsanjan، who had the diagnostic curettage performed on them from 2006 to 2009، were studied. Data were extracted from the patients'' history of records and the samples were referred to the pathology center of Ali-ebn-abitaleb hospital and by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most pathology reports (45. 5%) were hyperplasia and 4% cancer and 24. 6% were normal. Most complaints was menorrhagia bleeding (53. 6%). Average of Fertility number was 4. 9±2. 4. Thirteen and one tenth percent of cases were taking contraceptive pills and 4. 7% were diabetic and 16. 5% had hypertension. Of all cases، only one case had the history of breast cancer in her and there was no case of cancer in the family history. Seventy five percent of endometrial cancer were affected with the complaint of menorrhagia. People with normal endometrium had lowest fertility rate and were younger. The age of the patients and the multiplicity of their fertility with the diagnosis of abnormal endometrial curettage in pathological specimens showed a direct relationship. There were no direct relationships between oral contraceptive use and incidence of diabetes in people with cancer.