نشریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Before the Islamic Revolution in Iran، different groups and parties strived to overthrow the Pahlavi regime. To realign the people and elites in the society with them، they had to present their rationale behind thetheircertainaty about rom he objective conditions. Regime، however، rejection of the existing regime and the desirable condition following that as well as to show the way to achieve that promised society. Each active group or party at the time drew on their contemporary schools and theories for offering the reason of the rejection of the existent condition and the way to achieve the ideal one. Among them were some parties، who put their analysis of the socio-political conditions on the basis of Marxist ideology or campaigned against the Pahlavi regime building on this ideology. Such parties included the Tudeh Party، FadaeeKhalgh guerrillas and Mujahedeen-e-Khalgh guerrillas. The Tudeh Party labeled this regime as totalitarian and based on the American imperialism. Consequently، it requested the replacement of this regime with a national one. This party regarded revolution as the best way to overthrow the regime; however، they believed that preparing the population’s mentality for revolution required political and cultural actions. The Fadaee guerrillas used this same argument against the Pahlavi regime but they believed that the alternative government must be established under the leadership of a leading Labor Party. The Fadaee guerrillas too saw revolution as the only way to the ideal condition but، unlike the Tudeh Party، they believed in guerrilla war as a way to prepare the people. The Mujahedeen-e-Khalgh developed the same argument to oppose the Pahlavi regime but، unlike the two other they regarded the mindset as already prepared for revolution apart from their certainty about the objective conditions. According to the Mujahedeen organization، the only reason behind the defeat of the campaign was lack of organization to lead the populations، a vacuum that must be filled by the parties. For Mujahedeen، the ideal society was a classless and monotheist one.

Studying the perception of time in everyday life of Iranian actors is the purpose of this article. Sociological studying makes the basis of our analysis of time. Thus، we believe that the perception of time and the way the actors face it in their everyday life are formed socially and take different patterns in social interactions. The main purpose of this paper is to present a sociological analysis about one of the everyday life realities، “the perception of time” or more precisely “the awareness” that exists around the time in everyday life and conducts their actions. The grounded theory was used for this research and the research samples were chosen from among urban and rural men and women. The research findingd indicated the “fluidity of time perception” and that the perception of time like other knowledge categories has horizon or background by which individuals confirm it. The findings confirm that benefiting of such fields as urban or rural، or living in society with special stage of development makes special kind of awareness about time acceptable for individuals who expose to it. The gender creates different cognition over time and leads men and women to have more coexistence with specific dimentions of time. Also the actors see such variations different with respect to the specific way of living، life cycle social roles and social disorders. Under these conditions، they choose special strategies for controlling and managing the time; delaying and scrutinizing strategies are the most important of them.

Gender archaeology is a branch of social archaeology، which was born in the 80s. Itfocouses on the investigation of gender identity and role as social issues in different societies. The Sasanian dynasty was one of the empires of ancient Iran، dating back to 224 - 651 A. D. (Frye 274:2001). The research investigates the social inequality between men and women in Sasanidempire، Iran. The exertion of some kinds of gender discrimination and men superiority has appeared in archaeological records and Sasanid texts. The presentation of women in the archaeological evidence such as visual arts are rare،in comparison to men. The research follows a comparative method in data analyzing. Based on the above mentioned evidences، this research examines women’s social status and their role in Sasanid society in comparison to other gender groups such as men and children.

Our understanding of the reality of our knowledge and understanding of changing the way we know to be changed. To understand reality in faced with the complex realities in spiritual terms; we are forced to adopt methods that their main claim to discover hidden meanings and realize it is a fact. Religious and mystical experience in understanding the phenomena are very spiritual and sacred mixed، reduced to social or psychological reality، they can understand and prevent the use of empirical phenomenology to understand religious experience makes it inevitable. This article has attempted to offer gains over the experimental phenomenology and methodological principles of the present one، demonstrate the conceptual complexity of religious experience on the other hand، inevitably use this method to show understanding of religious experience And with providing a real example of the spiritual experience of pilgrimage in Iran empirical phenomenology emerges as an example for understanding the religious and mystical experiences are introduced.

Leisure includes all activities people do after work، family and social obligations. These activities may be done in order to have a rest or hobby، or in order to expand non-profitable training or voluntary social participation. Since leisure time is a modern concept emerged after industrial revolution، this article attempts to study the difference between modern and traditional leisure: In todays modern time، what kind of leisure do people have? Which kind of leisure (modern or traditional) do people have more of? Which kind of social factors (income، gender، marital status، education rate، socio-economic status، residency and age) influence leisure time? Sample size (510 cases) of this survey was determined through Cochran’s formula out of 49967 statistical populations. The samples were selected through stratified multi-step cluster sampling method. The results showed that modern leisure is lower than traditional leisure. All the mentioned social factors، except income، influence leisure time activities.

The institution of family has faced important evolutions in recent decades. Transition from traditional society to modern one has caused changes in cultural and social imaginaries and structures. Recent evolutions have affected family law as well as therights of women، men and children. This article، focusing on the Bill on Family Protection، tries to study family''s evolution from the sociological and legal points of views. The first section (sociological view) considers the changes as to the role and place of women، men and children in the contemporary Iranian family. In the second section (legal view)، advantages and disadvantages of the Bill are reviewed with respect to the sociological evolutions. Finally، based on legal and sociological findings، we examine the conformity of the Bill on Family Protection with current family evolutions and the possibility of solving family issues and problems

The most important concerns of every government in order to achieve social justice and development are to get rid of the social problems caused by poverty، illiteracy and unemployment،and to fulfill the economic، social and cultural needs of people to establish security and social justice. Therefore، it is forced to adapt appropriate policies for the allocation of resources and facilities available to different economic، educational، therapeutic and recreational sectors. To implement this issue، determining priority and the advantage of different sectors is the first step to be taken in order to allocate optimum sources and facilities. Obviously،with out social classification، planning for development would not be possible. One way to achieve the development of scientific classification is taxonomy. The main concern of this paper is to show the implementation of taxonomy method and advantages of this method for ranking different sectors، and، moreover، to explain how to determine the priority of each sector. This study is descriptive and the methodology used in ofthe document using secondary sources.