نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال چهاردهم شماره 32 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Nowadays societies are experiencing progressive social changes and consumption culture. One of the considered issues in this area is body management. Body management refers to surveillance and manipulating of apparent and visible body characteristics, which measured by indicators such as; weight management (through exercise, diet and medicine), medical manipulation (plastic and nose surgery) and paying attention to health care and cosmetics (daily bathing, face and hair grooming, perfume and deodorant consumption, nail polishing and color contact lens). Cultural capital as one of the key concepts has great importance in contemporary sociology. Cultural capital is defined as accumulation of different kinds of tangible cultural goods and ability to gain, use, recognize and understand them. According to Bourdieu, cultural capital is divided to three dimensions; internalized, objectified and institutionalized cultural capital. This paper tries to study the of relation between cultural capital and body management, using Bourdieu and Giddens theories. This survey is done through questionnaire. Target population of the study is all girls of Gilan-e-Gharb City aged 15-29. Among them 254 cases were selected through multi-step cluster sampling method as sample size. Results of the study show that; mean of cultural capital and body management were 3/05 and 3/8 out of five respectively and that indicates girl’s concern for their body in all its aspects such as; grooming, health care, fitness and so on. Hypotheses testing results show that there is relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. In addition multivariate linear regression results and the rate and way of independent variables impact on dependant variable were described. Based on this, in total 18.5 percent of body management variance is explained by five independent variables of this study.

Thousand years of absoluteness in Iran, in spite of constitutionalism and risings, revolutions and movements that have been taken place, can not weak the effect of absoluteness. It leads to emerging the authoritarian, individual, pessimist, emotional, traditional and de-institutional persons in this country. This kind of person is a big threat for social health and supports for dictatorship. In order to assess this kind of characteristics we can use different scales. The most popular scale is F. Here we want to have a review on the history of authoritarian personality and give the conceptual definitions from these causes and objects. Furthermore we will give the ideas of different social psychologists and sociologists.

The purpose of this study is investigation of cultural, social and psychological factors related to political culture of college students (a case study carried out in shiraz university).In doing so, we have used the Almond, Verba and Inglehart theory as theoretical framework. For data gathering we applied survey method. This study has been done upon 430 of college students. The result show that political culture type of 17.4 percent of college students is parochial, 66.6 percent of them is subject and 17 percent of them are participant. also the result show that variables of satisfaction with life, using old media, using new media, membership in political- religious groups, membership in social groups, educational level, educational group, college, religion and ethnicity have a significant relationship with political culture except variables of membership in cultural groups, age, income, gender and job situation. Regarding multi-variable regression analysis, variables of membership in political- religious groups, using old media, using new media, satisfaction with life, type of college (low and political science and engineering), membership in cultural groups, gender and religion enter the regression equation and totally it showed variance of 41.9% of dependent variable.

The Famous Jurisprudents of the Shiahs (Imamiyyah), reling on some criteria such as "the age of the foetus", "the marks of the foetus life creation" and "the testimony of the experts", have classified the period of the foetus life into two party: "the preinspiration of the soul (Ruh) period" and "after-soul inspiration period" and upon this classification they have viewed "retaliation (Qisas)" for the voluntary abortion and full blood-money (Diyah) for unintentional one in the soul-inspiration period. The Iranian legislature, accepting this approach, has provided complete diyah for unintentional abortion and retaliation for the intentional one in the soul inspiration period based on articles such as the 487 and 622 of Islamic penal code. This article challenges the scientific-jurisprudentional foundations of this theory and believes that neither of these criteria have scientific validity for distinguishing the soul of the foetus and consequently providing retaliation or complete diyah for foetus before being born living is impossible.

This paper has studied the effect of trade openness on income inequality in Iran and its ten major trading partners during the period 1990-2006. Following Spilimbergo and Londono 1999), the paper has specified an econometric model to explore the effect of trade openness on income inequality through focusing on relative production endowments, which include capital, agricultural land and human resources, which include uneducated, elementarysecondary and higher educated labor force. The specified model has been estimated by the panel data approach over 1990-2006. The empirical results revealed the fact that trade openness decreases inequality in those countries which have a higher rate of relative educated labor rather than those that have still uneducated labor. In Addition trade openness increases inequality in those countries which have abundant capital and arable land.

Security is an important and basic necessity of individual and society Lack of security or disorder in security have dangerous consequences This research studies the relationship between social capital (Institutional Trust, interpersonal Trust and social participation) and social security. The research Method is Survey and questionnaire was used. The target population is Tabriz Azad university B.S students in 1387-88. From 18743 students, 376 students were selected by Cochran formula and stratified sampling method. After collecting questionnaires, the data were analyzed by spss software. Statistical model like pearson correlation coefficient and Regression coefficient were employed. Based on findings social security mean was high among males compare to females. The results of regression analysis show that Institutional Trust variable has the most and social participation variable has the least effect on social security.

Iranian constitution as a most important law, in some of it’s principle, have been emphasized on judicial guarantees of public rights including fair trial, litigation, access to the courts and etc. One of this principles, is public trials that although has been or in principles of 165 and 168 of constitution and other statutes, in practice it’s performance confronted with many difficulties. Summorizly it can be said, that inter pretability of statutes extensive authority of judges for closed trials in addition to structural and cultural obstacles are most important obstacles for establishment of this principle. In this article at first, have been considered the concept, aim, sources and exceptions of that principle and then obstacles of it.

Quality of life as multidimensional concept and with high importance in life of modern society is influenced by a lot of scientific disciplines including tourism. The objective of this Paper is to investigation tourism development and its impact on different dimension quality of life in rural areas of Kandovan village in Oskoo Township. The method of this research is survey based on use of questionnaire. Target population of this research is inhabitants of kandovan, from which 200 pople sampled through relative stratified sampling. In order to analyze the variables, we applied correlation, regression and nonparametric statistical model. Research results show that level of tourism development is high. Positive impact of tourism development on quality of life in this area is employment and income. Also tourism development on health and environment and quality of health has negatively affected.