فصلنامه سیاست علم و فناوری
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، پاییز 1391)

To improve efficiency and gain competitive advantage many organizations consider، knowledge management activities imperative. This research considers seven factorsincludingstructure، inner processes، technology، culture، human resources، measurement and leadership to investigate and survey knowledge management implementation possibility in four different colleges in Iran. Research results shows that all surveyed centersdo not have suitable infrastructure to implement knowledge management. We find thatMeasurement، Leadership، Human Resource، Inner Processes، Culture، Technology and Structure are the most important obstacles in implementation of knowledge management at these institutions that should be improved

The path of technology development in Iran is embedded in a rentier society. This paper aims to introduce، first، the concept of rentier paradigm and its impact on the mechanism of selection، variation and self replication and then show how this paradigm leads to a bifocal innovation system in which a dynamic and integrated sub-system of strategic dual use innovation system juxtaposes with a fragmented and inactive one in the civilian sector. This paper concludes that the persistent bifocality of the innovation system causes vicious cycles، which create the phenomena of «lock-in» and transition system failures and sustains the underdevelopment of the economy.

The present researchexamines international co-authorship network of Iranian Nanotechnology researchers. A number of factors are considerd includingthe co-authorship frequencies with countries، continents، the first year of co-authorship with co-authors’ countries، the primary focus of collaborations between countries، the betweenness centrality indicator. Furthermore، we examined the evolutionof co-authors’ countries network، the authoring burst of co-authors’ countries، sigma & burst terms indicators using Citespace (program for visualizing patterns and trends in scientific literature) by 4605 documents extracted through Science Citation Index (SCI) via the Web of Science databases advanced search between 1991 and 2011. The query was conducted using Nanotechnology tree terms، identified by Inspec and Compendex thesaurus. The results showed that the Iranian nanotechnology researchers collaborated with 44 countries (except Iran) and had the most co-author documents with Europe and Canada. The highest Iranian scientific collaborations among neighboring countries، respectively، was with Azarbaijan، Russia، Pakistan، Turkey and United Arabic Emirates and Oman. Iran has does not the scientific collaboration with other neighboring countries. New Zealand and Mexico are countries that Iranian nanotechnology researchers had co-authors for the first time in 2011. Preparation is likely to be the primary focus of collaborations between Iranian researchers with 27 countries. Since Canada was prolific country in terms of collaboration and had the highest betweenness centrality، therefore this country has been the dominant influence on Iranian nanotechnology researchers. Iran''s first connections with Non-concordant countries with Iranian Nanotechnology researchers studies orientation has happened in third five-year period. Countries with similar studies orientation to Iran were the most active Co-authors’ Countries with Iranian Nanotechnology researchers by 2004. Japan with sigma amount equal to 1. 16 is allocated to the highest rank to represent novel ideas. «wall-carbon-nanotubes»، «density-functional»، «fe-2-o» and «single-wall-carbon-nanotubes» respectively were the most prolific term used in the Iranian nanotechnology scientific productions.

Management of technology (MOT) has a strategic role in the national development of science and technology. Having a bird’s-eyes view of the current MOT knowledge through a science map is of crucial importance to the applicability of science policy and research management support. Such visual representations of very large scientific fields are intended to contribute to an understanding of the current knowledge and to inform the development of the future science policies. However، they neither offer policy options nor make policy recommendations by themselves. This study discusses the acquisition of documents، mapping concepts and exploration of relationships among them and visualizing the concepts on a two dimensional map by using VOSviewer software. Results are explored based on the keyword co-occurrence analysis of more than 1600 articles، books and university theses in the field of management of technology over the period of 2001-2011، all in Farsi langauge. In a distance-based map، the relations between concepts and the importance of each one can be seen; since a smaller distance generally indicates a stronger relation and the area of the concept’s circle depend on the weight of that concept. Also the density view is particularly useful to get an overview of the important areas of a map. Based on the last map R&D، innovation، knowledge management، industrial policy، technology commercialization and S&T policy are the most important concepts in Iran.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the regional planning of higher education and the policies for developing science and technology in Iran using the composing experience method. Reviewing the thedesign and implementing the program of the regional planning of higher education in 2011-2012 the hidden loop and/or theoretical/practical disparity points between the regional planning of higher education and the policies for developing science and technology are identified. Wedivided، the disparities into two categories for theoretical and practical categories. In the first one، we focused on philosophical، methodological، and conceptual deficits while in the second one the disparities were categorized into macro and micro levels. In macro level the study explicated that the central bureaucratic system by monitoring the procedures’ impacts on the linkage between regional planning program and developing policies. In the micro level category، we identified a number of variables that contributed to the disparities. These variables include: the experts who were engaged at the program; the credit of the documents in which someone could find the policies for national developing science and technology; an intention for installing developing higher education on regional planning studies; and the quality of the authority delegation to the regional planning committees in each province. The paper is concluded by summarizing key lessons learned from the author’s experiences gained by participating in the regional planning studies in Iran.

It is well known that brain drain has retarding effect on economic growth and development. One of the factors that have a significant effect on flow of brain drain from developing countries is recognition of intellectual property rights by state. Protection of intellectual property rights encourages، strengthens and promotesscientific، industrial، intellectual، and artistic activities and creativities، by reducing the incentives of intellectual elites to migrate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of protection of intellectual property rights on brain drain from a set of selected developing and developed countries to the United States during the period of 1996-2009 using balanced panel data approach. Results of this study show a negative relationship between protection of intellectual property rights and brain drain in both the developed and developing countries. Variables of number of skilled immigrants in the host country and welfare gap between source and destination country (USA) has a positive relationship with the variable of brain drain. Also human capital variable has positive and significant relationship in developed countries and it has significant negative relationship in developing countries on brain drain. Also Control of corruption negatively affect brain drain.