فصلنامه یافته
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 48، تابستان 1391)

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to assess serum levels of isoprostane F2α، malondialdehyde and total homocysteine in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women. A cross-sectional study was designed. The patients consisted of 30 preeclamptic women. The normal group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. Serum level of malondialdehyde was measured by colorimetric method. Isoprostane F2α and homocysteine levels were assessed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. A p value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Serum levels of isoprostane F2α، malondialdehyde and homocysteine were significantly higher in preeclamptic group than in normal pregnant women (p < 0. 05). All of the biomarkers were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia than in mild preeclamptic women (p < 0. 05). The findings of the present study suggest that lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress might be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Nitrogen-containing ions such as nitrate and nitrite occur widely in a variety of water sources. This pollutant causes health problems such as the blue-baby syndrome، and possible formation of carcinogenic compounds in the digestive tract. Thus، removing them from water sources seems necessary. Biological denitrification is a method used in the treatment of nitrate contaminated water. Numerous biological denitrification processes such as fluidized bed reactors (FBR) have been reported. This bench-scale research describes the operation of granular activated carbon (GAC) based fluidized bed reactors (FBR) for nitrate removal from water. The GAC was inoculated with a denitrifing culture isolated from Khorramabad milk industry wastewater. In addition، characteristics of GAC were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A mixed bacterial culture was acclimated to the removal of 50-200 mg NO3-N. L–1 at 1-3 h retention time from water. The experiments were carried out under anoxic conditions. The effects of various operating conditions such as hydraulic retention time (HRT)، Nitrate loading rate and initial concentrations of nitrate on the denitrification were demonstrated experimentally. The experimental results demonstrated that the over 94% of NO3-N was removed in the 2-3 h retention time، almost no NO2-N accumulated in treated water when the concentration of NO3-N was around 50-100 mg/L in influent. Under the experimental conditions، drinking water quality was achieved at a nitrogen loading lower than 2. 4 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1 with an influent COD/N ratio of 3 if ethanol was used as the carbon source. The denitrification rate increased up to a maximal value of 3. 45 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1 with increasing nitrogen loading rate (4. 8 kgNO3-N•m-3•day-1). This study demonstrates that GAC offers favorable attachment sites for bacteria on the surfaces of GAC for Nitrate removal and denitrification of water was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) using Activated carbon-immobilized cell beads as support carriers.

Parkinson''s disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder with multiple motor and non motor symptoms. These features can cause disability and extensive dysfunction in patients. This study is conducted to evaluate the disabilities of PD patients. The study was case series. Depression، cognitive impairment and disability of patients were diagnosed based on DSM-IV criteria، Mini Mental State Examination and Hoen and Yahr criteria، respectively. Smelling dysfunction was diagnosed with water، rosewater، tobacco and coffee. From 79 patients who were recruited in our study male to female ratio was 3 to 1. The most patients aged 70-79 years. Prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment was 45. 6% and 68. 4%. Prevalence of on-off phenomenon، falling attacks and olfactory dysfunction was 21. 5، 32. 9 and 68. 4 percent، respectively. Duration of disease and treatment was significantly associated with amount of disability. Depression was significantly (p=0. 006) associated with disability and severity of disease. This study showed that motor and non motor abnormalities are common in PD. Disability is influenced by factors such as age، duration of disease and treatment. Hence، diagnosis and treatment of PD should be considered before onset of disabilities.

Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacteria and it clearly causes histologic gastritis and its role in gastric cancers has been known. Its prevalence is different in various traditional populations and ages، but the majority is infected in early life and its infection is with manifestations such as gastritis، abdominal pain، anaemia and others. In this cross – sectional study، the sampling method was census. The studied population included hospitalized children in Shahid Madani hospital in 2010 with gastroenteritis that have received no anti Pylori treatment. The studied variables included sex، age، place of residence، kind of drinking water، having pets and the history of hospitalization. The data were gathered by questionnaire and serum samples were tested about anti-Hpylori IgG through ELIZA and then the data were analyzed. Among 240 patients،16. 7% were infected with H. pylori and it was most common in the male group (60%) and age<2 years old، most of the infected children lived in the city and only 17. 5% of them had pets، and 67. 5% of the cases had the history of hospitalization especially for respiratory infections. 16. 7% of the children with acute diarrhea had positive serologic test of H. pylori، therefor، diarrhea can not be considered as common symptom of H. pylori.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) represents a progressive and debilitating disease that affects approximately 0. 9% worldwide. So far the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of AS is still unclear. Linkage between HLA-B27 and AS remains the strongest association between a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule and disease. Despite intensive research، the pathogenic role of this gene and its product has not yet been resolved. Non-HLA-B27 genes exist that also seem to be involved in disease etiology. The killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene cluster is located on chromosome 19q13. 4 in the leukocyte receptor complex. The KIR genes encode a group of proteins that are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and in some T cells. KIR proteins act as receptors that recognize HLA class I molecules and are directly involved in the activation and inhibition of NK cells. KIRs and their HLA class I ligands contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse kinds of autoimmune diseases. The genetic imbalance of inhibitory and activating KIRs may be the key factor، which influences the pathogenesis of AS. However، the role of balance between inhibitory and activating KIRs in determining susceptibility to AS a topic of debatable. This review summarizes the major features of these genes and discusses how they may be involved in AS pathogenesis.

The function of the coronary arteries is to transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle and if these arteries have been clogged due to fat plaque، patient has to undergo coronary angiography to determine the narrowing rate of coronary arteries and for this purpose، the left femoral artery is used. The aim of this research is to study the effect of pressure bandaging in reducing bleeding، bruising، back pain and groin pain in the patients undergoing coronary angiography. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 100 patients undergoing coronary angiography in surgical and CCUwards of Shahid Rajaee hospital of Tehran and Khorramabad Shahid Madani hospital. Subjects were randomized to receive a pressure bandage (no=50) or sand bag (no=50) after manual compression of the femoral artery puncture site. The patients without pressure bandages had a higher incidence of bleeding and bled earlier (p<0/05) after catheter removal than the patients with bandages. The incidence and extent of bruising was the same in both groups of patients with sandbags experienced a higher incidence of back and groin pain. Thus، regarding the associated increase in patients، comfort، and delay in time of onset of bleeding، pressure bandages could be used routinely in the management of patients after coronary angiography.

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus comprise the most common fracture in children. Two-thirds of children، who are hospitalized due to arm injury، are infected by Supracondylar fractures. The aim of this research is to investigate two treatment methods، «close reduction and external fixation with pin» and «open reduction and internal reduction in Supracondylar fractures. This clinical trial study was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani hospital، Sharekord، Iran in 2010. Ninety patients with suppracondilar fracture type III were selected and through Random Number Table allocated in two groups. The first group cured by close reduction and external fixation with pin through C-arm control and the second group were cured by open reduction and subcutaneous pin and internal fixation and then underwent surgery through posterior fixation. The patients، information including the duration of operation، radiography، wound infection، treatment cost، and the rate of movement area of elbow in the eighth week post operation were collected. The data were analyzed using chi-square and t-test tests. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of age، gender، urban and rural place of residence، fracture side and arm fracture. After the first week of operation، 3 patients (6. 66%) operated by open reduction and one patient (2. 22%) operated by closed reduction were infected (P<0. 05). The mean of elbow movement 8wecks after operation was 118. 3±10. 9 in opened group and it was 131. 5±10. 5 in close group grade (p<0. 001). The mean of operation time and operation cost was significantly more in the open group than the close group (P<0. 001). Based on the results of this study، the frequency distribution of postoperative complications، cost، hospitalization duration in the close group was lower than the opened group and more effective in suppracondilar fracture treatment. This method was prescribed for treatment of humerus fractures.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate comparative special theory of mind to women sexual offender with normal people. In this case-control study، the target population was all sex offender prisoners aged 20 to 35 in Urmia during years 2009-2010. From this population 30 sex offenders of women were selected using random sampling method. As well as 30 normal persons who were matched from view point of age، sex and education، were selected as control group. Specific theory of mind test were used for data gathering. On the other hand، for data analysis، descriptive statistical methods and t- test were used. The results showed that there are significant differences between sex offenders of women and normal subjects in specific theory of mind. It means that the sex offenders of women in specific theory of mind have more defects. The problems of sex abusers، particularly in the areas of intimacy، empathy and cognitive distortions are resulted from defects in the theory of mind، which by increasing them the problems of sexual abusers can be particularly reduced.

Aspirin is a non steroidal medicine that effects on prostaglandin، follicles، ovulation and corpus luteum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low (7. 5 mg/kg) dose of Aspirin on the ovarian tissue during implantation period. Females NMRI mice 6-8 weeks old were divided into control and experimental groups. These groups were rendered pseudopregnant then experimental group injected with low dose of Aspirin until 4. 5th day. The mice were scarified with cervical dislocation and then the samples were obtained from the ovary in each group. Then ovarian weight and volume balance were measured and paper section stained with H&E method. Our results showed that weight of ovary in control group was 3. 1±0. 077g and in experimental group was 3. 5±0. 24g (p<0. 05). Volume of ovary in control group was 8. 70±0. 19 mm3، and in experimental group was 9. 20±0. 17 mm3 (p<0. 05). Number of corpus luteum in control group was 6. 2±0. 15، and in experimental group was 12. 21±0. 15 (p<0. 05). In experimental group vascularity of ovary had increased in comparison with control group. The low dose of Aspirin (7. 5mg/kg) increased the rate of corpus luteum and vascularity of ovary. Low dose of aspirin had positive effect on pregnancy during implantation period

Performance of hospital managers need to be evaluated based on suitable criteria to get better performance. Unfortunately no formal and systematical performance assessment system has been used to evaluate managers. The aim of this study is to determine the concrete and suitable hospital managers، performance assessment using experts، views. This study was a qualitative research with thematic analysis method. By using semi structured questionnaire with 2 health system experts interview was conducted and 20 experts participated in focus group discussion. After each interview and group discussion withdrawals were checked with participants. The initial interviews were analyzed by two faculty members and then were combined. 7 main themes about necessary criteria for hospital managers، performance assessment were obtained from experts، views. These themes are: skills related to planning، organization and staff performance management، leadership، information management، clinical governance and performance indicators. All participants in the study had a history of hospital management; therefore their comments will be an effective step in identifying the criteria for making hospital managers، performance assessment tool. In addition to Professionals، perspectives and studies done in other countries، in order to design this kind of tools، it is necessary to adjust the obtained findings according to the local hospital conditions.

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a very rare congenital anomaly which is diagnosed with severe thoracoabdominal defect، omphalocele، lower sternal defect، anterior diaphragmatic defect anterior pericardial defect and ectopia cordis. Pathogenesis is unknown، mesodermal developmental defects in 14-18 days after conception maybe responsible. Case Report: The case is newborn with omphalocele and ectopia cordis. All newborns with omphalocele must be evaluated for Pentalogy of Cantrell and accompanying anomaly.