مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 23 (هفته اول آبان 1391)

There have been some studies on sexual function of postmenopausal women. However، studies about its predictors are very limited. Due to the importance of this subject in health promotion، this study aimed to assess sexual function and its predictive factors in postmenopausal women living in Ilam، Iran. In this descriptive-correlational study، 400 postmenopausal married women who aged 50-59 years old and lived in Ilam، 2011، were studied in 80 randomly selected clusters. The participants were interviewed by a female interviewer using McCoy female sexuality questionnaire (MFSQ). Data was analyzed by student''s t-test and linear regression analysis in SPSS software version 18. 77 (19%) reported no sexual relation in the past month. Mean (standard deviation) scores of total sexual function was 53±29 from possible range score of 0 to 100، and in dimensions of sexual interest، satisfaction، vaginal lubrication، orgasm and sex partner were 43±27، 50±26، 52±33، 50±39 and 69±29، respectively. Based on the results of linear regression analysis، women with vasomotor symptoms (p<0. 001)، urine incontinence (p<0. 001)، chronic diseases (p=0. 01)، or insufficient family income (p=0. 01)، aged 55-59 (p=0. 01) and a history of divorce or death of a spouse (p=0. 04) and insufficient income (p=0. 01) had significantly lower score in total sexual function. Vasomotor symptoms، urine incontinence and aging were associated with all the 5 dimensions and the others were associated with 3-4 of the dimensions (p<0. 05). Education and occupation and duration of menopause were associated with none of the dimensions، as well as with total sexual function score (p>0. 05). Sexual problems including no sexual relations were common among the women. Having vasomotor symptoms، urine incontinence، chronic diseases، a history of divorce or death of a spouse and insufficient income were predictors of low sexual function.

According to the world statistics، Breast Cancer (BC) is the second common cancer among women and Iran is also faced with the increase of this disease. Based on current studies، methods of early BC-detection may reduce mortality caused by BC. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs in university students of Tehran University by application of heath belief model (HBM). By the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of training breast cancer screening on beliefs of dormitory students of Tehran University، this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was carried out. The participants were selected from the undergraduate dormitory students of Tehran University in 2008-2009. Date collection instrument was a self-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was approved. Training was based on HBM through lectures، pamphlets، films and slides. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 14 and analytical indicators and descriptive statistics. Paired T-test was used in order to compare the participants before and after training. Statistical test was measured by 95 percent assurance. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Mean age of participants was 21±1. 11. 92 cases (92. 9%) of them were single and 7 cases (7. 1%) were married. Paired T-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean score of HBM constructs (sensitivity، severity، obstacles، perceived benefits، performing instructions) at pre-test and post-test studies. (p<0. 0001). According to chi-square test، no significant difference was observed between marital status، place of birth، students'' age and constructing elements of HBM (p=0. 35). Training breast-cancer screening can promote beliefs about self-examination of breast among university students.

Almost all active women of reproductive age are at risk of unwanted pregnancy، reducing the rate of which is recognized as a priority for health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Health Education Program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy among Women with history of previous high risk pregnancy in Zarandieh. This case-control research was carried out on 97 married women of age 15 to 49 who were admitted at health center of Zarandieh. A random multiple-stage sampling was used and divided into 48 subjects as case group and 49 subjects as control group. A questionnaire based on HBM was prepared whose validity and reliability was approved and given to samples. Based on the data achieved from the pre-test، an educational program was designed and applied on the case group. Three months after intervention، a second evaluation was conducted by the same questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using t-test،paired t-test and chi-square. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed that before training intervention، the mean score of knowledge، preventive behaviors، and all constructs of HBM were more than mediate. After training intervention، significant difference was observed in all variables of both groups (p<0. 05). Also، rate of case group''s using coitus interrupt was decreased from 40% to 9. 65%. Health education program designed based on Health Belief Model has had a positive effect on the preventive behaviors of unwanted pregnancy and may have an effective role on decreasing unwanted pregnancy incidence rate in women’s.

Childbirth causes many long lasting changes in women’s life، relations، work، social activities، and household responsibilities. These changes not only affect their mental and physical performance، but also their biological functions. Due to limited studies on postpartum maternal health problems in Iran and even in the whole world، the present study was held to determine the problems experienced by women during the first year after childbirth and its association with the kind of delivery. This descriptive study was carried out on 311 women who attended at Mahabad public health centers for prenatal care for 36 to 38 weeks of their pregnancy in Mahabad in year 2011. Three of the subjects were excluded from research and the initial questionnaire was completed by 308 women. They were interviewed at 7th day، 8th week، and 12th month postpartum about problems experienced during the past week. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 18. Fisher test and ratio risk (95%CI) were used in order to determine the difference between women with vaginal delivery and cesarean. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. During the 7 days after delivery، 91. 6% (n=289) in the first week، 90. 3% (n=277) at 8th week and 82. 5% (n=245) at 12th month experienced at least one problem. Problem reported by more than one third of the mothers during the first and eighth week were: backache (64% and 60%، respectively)، tiredness (63%، 60%)، headache (47%، 34%) and sleep disorders (32%، 46%)، and during last week of the twelfth month were: tiredness (43%)، sleep disorders (36%) and backache (35%). Frequency of problems such as backache، urinary incontinence، urinary tract infection and sorrow during the first week postpartum were more commonly reported by the women with normal vaginal delivery than women with cesarean section. while sleep disorders at all three stages; constipation، fatigue، complications of anesthesia or anesthesia at both the eighth week and twelfth month; breastfeeding problems at the twelfth month were more common among women with cesarean section (p<0. 05). Frequency of health problems increases in the postpartum period. Therefore، it is essential to pay more attention to mothers’ problems during this period.