نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 13 (تابستان 1391)

Educational needs assessment of information and communication technology (ITC) determines basic and specialized skill needs of human resources in the ICT. This study investigated educational needs of information and communication technology (ICT) in faculty members of physical education, universities of East Azerbaijan province. Data were collected usinga researcher-made questionnaire (the reliability and validity were determined) from 29 subjects (the sample of the study). In the research, descriptive statistics, Kolmogrov – Smirnoff test, t test and Friedman test were used. Statistical sample equaled the statistical population (20 males and 9 females). Results showed that faculty members to use ICT effectively in teaching and research process require moderate basic education and high specialized education. They believed that application of ICT in education and research was useful and effective. They were interested in participating in educational workshops; in professional courses, they needed educational courses of human movement analysis and evaluation by computer and in preparatory courses, they needed workshops of ICDL. Also, they believed that exiting facilities can be used efficiently through ICT, invention and innovation can increase, activities cab be organized, intra-organizational communication can be easier; university professors can provide sports services and virtual education and activity can be promoted out of the organization.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of experts of National Olympic and Paralympic Academy (NOPA) in Iran. The present research method was descriptive survey and of a correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all NOPA experts (N=60) and the statisticl sample equalled the statistical population. Two questionnaires of perceived organizational support (Eisenberger et al., 1990) and organizational citizenship behavior (Podsakoff et al., 1990) were used to collect data. Their validity was estimated by specialists and experts and their reliability by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient respectively as α=0.85 and α=0.93. They were distributed among the participants and 56 questionnaires (93%) were returned and analyzed. In addition, K-S test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression was used to analyze data with statistical software SPSS, version 16. The results showed that OCB mean (4.48) was higher than POS (3.48). There was a significant and positive relationship between POS and OCB and its dimensions except for sportsmanship (P<0.01). POS was a significant predictor for OCB and its dimensions except for sportsmanship (P<0.01). The findings of the study emphasized an increase in experts’ perceived organizational support to foster organizational behavior in the organization.

In Order to design and validate the social capital questionnaire for employees of Physical Education Organization, the main research question was whether a social capital questionnaire designed by researchers had sufficient validity and reliability. The population of the research consisted of employees of the organization (N=700). 299 subjects were selected as the sample by systematic random sampling method using Cochran sample size formula. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha (to investigate the internal consistency of the questions) and Test-retest were used. In order to investigate validity of the questionnaire, construct validity was checked using confirmatory factor analysis (KMO= 0.88). Predictive validity was used to investigate the relationship between this questionnaire and MMPI-2RFi Questionnaire; differential validity was used to investigate social capital in in two groups with and without managerial experience. The results showed that social capital questionnaire consisted of four factors: organizational trust, benevolence, mutual relations, trust and reciprocity. Validity coefficient of each four factors and total validity coefficient was more than 0.70. Furthermore, regarding predictive validity, neurosis and negative emotion subscales of MMPI-2RFi questionnaire were significantly and negatively associated with benevolene of social capital questionnaire. Regarding differential validity, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without managerial experience.

Most sports are attractive because they are almost unpredictable today. The more the competitiveness of league teams, the harder to predict the games and as a result that league will be more attractive. The aim of this study was to investigate competitive balance in Iran football premier league (1995 – 2010). The data were secondary and collected from the final tables of Iran premier league in respective seasons. The five – club concentration ratio (C5) and C5 index of competitive balance (C5ICB) were used to analyze the data. The lower C5ICB and C5 were, the more competitive balance was and vice versa. In order to understand the findings more comprehensively, the results of the research were presented in average of 5 years as follows; average 1st five years: 128, average 2nd five years: 131, average 3rd five years: 129. So, Iran premier league had higher balance during 1995-2000 and lower balance during 2000 – 2005. It seems that football is more balanced in Iran; traditional-oriented condition is vanished in Tehran and is developing all over the country.

Yoga has been considered as one of influential factors in reducing stress and psychological disease in many countries all over the world. In Iran, Yoga has received much attention from Iranian women recently and this trend is accelerating. This study aimed to explore the main reasons of their interest. Since family life is considered as the most important private sphere of women’s lives, this study tried to find out the influential role of Yoga in family relations. This study showed that women who regularly participated in Yoga classes make themselves closer to their emotional role in their families, and try to change and improve their attitudes towards this role. To achieve these goals, they participate in Yoga classes to obtain tranquility, to empower themselves to encounter problems in life and to become more spiritual individuals. In this regard, the concept of unity in Yoga promotes non – feminist perspectives and encourages people to gain unity, peace and tranquility in their lives. Therefore, women experience more peace and tranquility in their family life.

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between conflict management strategies and emotional intelligence (EI) of sport coaches in East Azerbaijan province. According to the statistical population of this research that consisted of all sport coaches in East Azerbaijan province (N=750), 257 coaches were evaluated according to Morgan table with two questionnaires including Robbins conflict management strategies (1999) and EI questionnaire of Bradbury and Graves (2004). Content validity of both questionnaires was approved by experts and their reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. Then, the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and K-S, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis (P≤0.05). Results showed that solution-oriented strategy was the dominant strategy for most coaches and their mean EI was higher than the optimal level (M=80). There was a reverse significant relationship between the conflict management and EI (re= -0.54, P<0.001). Also, there was a reverse significant relationship between the control strategy and EI (r= -0.44, P<0.001) and non – opposing strategy and EI (r= -0.57, P<0.001) while there was a significant and positive relationship between solution-oriented strategy and EI (r=0.37, P<0.001). According to the research findings, it is suggested that coaches are educated in order to familiarize more with advantages and disadvantages of each conflict management strategy.

In new organizational approaches, it is necessary to create organizational learning and development through the principles of a learning organization to promote efficiency and productivity of employees and ultimately the organization. The aim of the present study was to investigate organizational learning system in Physical Education Organization based on learning organization dimensions and AHP method. Research method was descriptive and field. The statistical population were all Physical Education Organization experts (n=300) and sport management experts (n=10) and 126 subjects were selected as the sample by systematic sampling. Marquardt organizational learning questionnaire (α=0.97) and AHP researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to categorize the findings and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to survey hypotheses. Also, AHP method was used to analyze learning organization components. The results showed a significant and positive relationship among organizational learning components (P<0.01). Findings of the organizational learning components by Expert Choice 11 software and AHP method showed that organizational culture with mean weight of 0.4096 was the first priority from sport management expert’s viewpoint. It is recommended that organizational learning and its components and especially organizational culture be created and deployed to promote efficiency and effectiveness in Physical Education Organization.

The aim of the research was to investigate the content analysis of Physical Education Organization chiefs’ viewpoints on sport components from 1357 to 1388. 325 reports on Physical Education Organization chiefs were gathered from Ettela’at newspaper and were investigated by whole counting sampling. For content analysis, researcher-made coding sheet was used and the validity and reliability were determined and approved. Results revealed no significant difference in chiefs’ viewpoints on championships and professional sport while there was a significant difference in their viewpoints on educational sports and recreational-public. Due to the high volume of viewpoints on professional and championship sports, and the role of these chiefs’ viewpoints in providing attitudes and efforts in these areas, it seems that authorities should pay more attention to educational and recreational-public sports. It is recommended that the comments of professional consultants be used in lectures and comments in the areas mentioned so that the literature of authorities can improve accordingly.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of work life (QWL) and organizational commitment (OC) and their dimensions in faculty members of physical education faculties and departments of state universities. Sample consisted of 217 faculty members of physical education faculties and departments. Walton’s (1973) QWL questionnaire and Mayer and Allen (OC) questionnaire (1990) were used to gather data. The research was a descriptive one and a field type. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results showed that the mean QWL in physical education faculties was 51.78 and in physical education departments was 49.46. The mean OC in physical education faculties was 60.18 and in physical education departments was 59.08. There was a significant relationship between QWL and OC and also between their aspects. The correlation between QWL and OC in physical education departments was higher than physical education faculties. In order to improve the QWL and utilize its advantages and the relationship between OC and QWL, it is suggested that programs are planned to improve QWL and to increase OC in physical education faculty members.

The current study examined interrelation of affectivity, emotional intelligence and personality and their roles in sport coaches’ transformational leadership style using their disposition. Data are collected from 206 sport coaches. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze data. The results showed a positive deep relationship between positive affectivity with personality (r=0.251, P<0.05) and transformational leadership style (r=0.785, P<0.001) while a negative relationship between negative affectivity with transformational leadership style (r= -0.408, P<0.001). Also, the relationship between personality with transformational leadership style (r=0.408, P<0.001) and emotional intelligence with transformational leadership style (r=0.253, P<0.05) were confirmed. The results indicated that demographic variables such as age and coaching experience had a positive effect on transformational leadership style although education level was conversely related with transformational leadership style. The results of this paper showed that emotional dimensions have an important role in leading sport teams. It is suggested that sport coaches not only should be able to show their emotional skills but also should continuously develop their communicational and emotional skills.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the viewpoints of managers and experts on sport tourism development in Khorasan Razavi province. The statistical population consisted of managers and experts of tourism and sport in this province. The present study was of analytic descriptive kind. With regard to the lack of a standardized questionnaire complying with the goals of this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was devised and used after being confirmed in terms of validity and reliability (71%). The data were gathered and analyzed using SPSS software. Friedman test was used to rank and Wilcoxon test to examine the significance of the difference of mean ranks. The results showed that among the most important effects of sport tourism development were components such as “creating an atmosphere of happiness and liveliness in the society”, “people’s tendency to perform exercise and promote the health level of society” and “development of positive cultural exchanges and interactions among various cultures”. The most important organization in the development of tourism industry across the province was recognized to be “Tourism and Physical Education Organization”. Furthermore, three important factors impeding proper planning for sport tourism development across the province included “lack of planning of organizations in order to attract the sport tourists”, “inadequate support of the authorities from investors and sport tourism plans” and “lack of attention to the sport tourism attractions by the municipality officials”. Totally, 94.2% of the authorities and municipality and provincial experts declared their support for sport tourism development plans in Khorasan Razavi province. It is concluded that to promote sport tourism development and eliminate barriers and limitations across the province and subsequently to benefit from various potentials to attract sport tourism across this province, it is suggested that policy makers and the provincial planners should plan to promote development of sport tourism.