مجله سیاست گذاری اقتصادی
سال سوم شماره 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

Identifying the factors that contribute to the sustained economic growth of countries is the main concern of economic researchers. The present paper employs the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method based on a Bayesian econometrics approach to investigate the effect of three variables of primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrollment ratios on long-term economic growth in a set of developing economies. The empirical findings show that each of these three variables negatively affects the long-term economic growth of developing countries. Furthermore, the secondary gross enrollment ratio certainly and the other two variables uncertainly affect the long-term economic growth.

The main purpose of this paper is investigating the effect of secure property rights on economic growth. To do so, we use an endogenous growth model, some econometrics methods such as Gregory-Hansen's (2006) co-integration test, 2SLS estimation technique, and Iran data set during 1959-2006. The results show that having secure property rights has a positive effect on economic growth in short and long runs.

The degree of concentration, as a measure of market structure, can explain the competition condition and market power of firms. It affects their performance and profitability. Also, the efficiency of firms affects their performance through an internal mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the degree of concentration and profitability in Iranian banking industry on the basis of the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis, as well as the relationship between efficiency and profitability using the efficiency hypothesis. In other words, this research aims to investigate which factor, market structure or efficiency, is more effective on profitability. Using the panel data from 18 banks for a period of nine years (2001-2009), the two hypotheses are examined. The results fully confirm the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis but show some weak evidence in line with the efficiency hypothesis. Limiting the time period to five recent years of the research period (2005-2009), the research shows that the strong relationship between profitability and concentration has reduced during these years and instead, there is more evidence to confirm the efficiency hypothesis.

The major function of a financial market in the literature on economy represents a way to conduct and dedicate capital. Banks in developing countries have a main role in this way; we can find some variables effective on market structure to advocate capital more efficiently. This paper studies the importance and impact of macroeconomic variables on banking system structure within 15 out of 20 years of Iran's perspective plan. The study has used a fixed-effect panel data method during 2002 to 2009. The results show that the logarithmic form of per capita GDP is the most important variable in market power description as a proxy for institution development. Other institutional variables such as economic freedom index, governance index and financial freedom index have the second importance after the bank special variables (loans to asset ratio and total asset logarithmic form). Inflation rate has a little significant effect on the structure of banking industry, and GDP growth rate has no significant effect on it.

In this study, by means of data envelopment analysis, skilled labor use efficiency is measured and compared in the manufacturing industries of the provinces of the country in 1385. After that, by the technique of cross-section econometric data and using Tobit method, influential factors on skilled labor use efficiency are recognized. The results of measuring skilled labor use efficiency show that averagely there is a 27-38 % inefficiency in using skilled labors in the country. The provinces of Booshehr, Tehran and Qazvin have gained complete efficiency in all the methods. The results of a regression model suggest that some elements like private ownership, firm size, real wage, and capital productivity have a positive and the rate of unemployment of higher education employees has a negative effect on skilled labor use efficiency. Additionally, private ownership is the most influential factor as compared to other influential factors in this study.

This paper aims to identify the main software export barriers in Iran for policy makers. The framework for categorizing key obstacles consists of three groups: product factors, managerial factors, and business environment factors. Numerical taxonomy and Friedman test were applied to prioritize barriers in different groups based on Iranian major software players’view. Our finding shows that the principal agenda are: Lack of mobilization of expert labor force e.g. limited international work experience, brain drain problem, and limited linkage between immigrants  Lack of entrepreneurial attitudes through managers Copy right problems.

Relying on the data of household expenditure and income survey in urban areas in 2006, this paper presents a picture of women's participation in the economy based on their role in the estimation of the economic activity of urban households. In addition, in the form of a logistic model, the role of gender and other important characteristics of socio - economic households in offering a chance for being employed have been investigated.Also, the estimated logistic model shows when a family head is a man and is living with his wife, he has a greater chance for employment than a man without a wife or a man in a female- headed family. Based on the results, although female- headed families have lower chances of employment than man-headed ones, females that head a family and have a university degree have better chances of employment than men.