مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 25 (هفته سوم آبان 1391)

Cryopreserved-embryo transfer is one of the most important treatments for infertile couples. While fresh-embryo transfer is mostly approved and concerned، few studies have evaluated the potential effect of clinical factor on the implantation and pregnancy rates in frozen embryo transfer. The aim of this study was to investigate some clinical factors that potentially influence the outcome of cryopreserved-embryo transfer. In this retrospective investigation، 372 patients'' records that referred to Research and Clinical Center of Infertility and had frozen-embryo transfer cycles were studied from 2009 to 2011. All data of patient`s files fill in the questionnaire form. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 15 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov، Paired t and t student tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Clinical pregnancy-rate in patients under 35 years old was significantly higher than patients aged more than 35 years old (57. 7% versus 29. 2%). Also، clinical pregnancy-rate in women with FSH more and less than 10 IU/L were 56. 3% and 17. 5%، respectively (PV=0. 0001) which were statistically significant. Other clinical factors such as: the causes of embryo freezing، primary protocols of IVF /ICSI، endometrial thickness and duration of cycle up to day of embryo transfer had no significant effects on frozen-embryo transfer (P>0. 05). Age of women and FSH in third day were the most important factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate following frozen embryo transfer.

Preeclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy period that threatens the life of both mother and fetus. Various studies have shown that platelets play a major role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The aim of this study is to compare platelet indices in preeclamptic and normal pregnant women and to evaluate whether these parameters have a predictive significance in determining the severity of preeclampsia. This case-control study was held on pregnant women who referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah city for delivery from 2008 to 2010. Participants were classified into three groups of mild preeclamptic (57 person)، severe preeclamptic (50 persons)، and normal pregnant women (102). Under standard conditions، 5 ml of individual''s venous blood of each group was taken prenatally. Automated blood cell counter XT-1800 was used to measure platelet indices that include platelet number، mean platelet volume (MPV)، Platelet distribution width (PDW)، and Platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). Data analysis was performed by using ANOVA، SPSS statistical software version 16. Tukey test was used to assess differences between groups. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in platelet number and indices between preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women. (P>0. 05) As a result، no significant difference of platelet number (Pand indices was observed in patients with preeclampsia (P>0. 05). The results showed that platelet indices were not affected by preeclampsia during pregnancy. Also، no difference was observed in the term of platelet number and indices in mild and severe preeclamptic cases.

About 50% of cesarean sections are performed because of abnormal development of first stage، therefore، delivery and its control is very important nowadays. For induction or augmentation of labor، oxytocin infusion is widely used in modern obstetric. Since the contraction shape varies by cephalo-pelvic disproportion، this study was conducted to evaluate the shape of uterine contractions with oxytocin in the active phase of labor. In this ‍Cohort study 100 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation was monitored in dilation 3-4 cm for 30 minutes. In order to precede labor، oxytocin was prescribed to 53 women. Finally، the pattern of contractions was recorded in 10-8 cm cervical dilation for 30 minutes. The ratio of spending time of contraction from peak to baseline (F: Fall) and vice versa (R: Rise) in two phases of beginning and end of the first stage of labor in two groups (with and without prescription of Oxytocin) was calculated and compared. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 11. 5، paired T-test، independent T-test، and chi-square. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. The ratio of F and R was 1. 164±0. 203 and 1. 150±0. 223 at the beginning and the end of labor in oxytocin received group. The F: R ratio was 1. 161±0. 203 and 1. 091±1. 161±0. 214 at the beginning and the end of labor in the other group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the ratio of F and R between with and without oxytocin groups. Using Oxytocin for augmentation of uterine contractions does not change the shape of the uterine contractions.

Delivery duration is one of the factors that affect pregnancy outcomes، and damages of mother and fetus. Excessive prolongation of labor increases possibility of infection، hypoxia، physical-neural damages، newborn''s death، postpartum hemorrhage and infection، anxiety، insomnia، and mother''s fatigue. One of the most important goals of healthcare system is optimal care of mother during childbirth. This research has been done in order to determine the effects of acupressure at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Hugo (LI4) points in nulliparous women. This clinical trial was held on 84 nulliparous eligible women who attended to Sabalan and Alavi hospitals in Ardabil in 2011-2012. The subjects were allocated into two groups (intervention- control) with random block-size of 4 and 6. Pressures at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Hugo (LI4) points in 4، 6، 8، 10 cm of cervical dilatation were applied in intervention group. Through vaginal examination، active phase duration and second stage were recorded in the demographic questionnaire by the researcher. Gathered data were analyzed by the means of SPSS statistical software version 16 and descriptive-analytic statistical methods. P value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of participants was 21. 9± 3. 97 years. The mean duration of the active phase in intervention and control groups were respectively 2:15±1:19 and 4:10±1:59 hours (p=0. 001). The mean duration of the second stage in two intervention and control groups were respectively 00:45±00:25 minutes and 1:04±00:39 hour (p=0. 008). Acupressure at Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Hugo (LI4) points in different dilatation reduces the length of active phase and second stage of delivery time.