مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 26، تابستان 1390)

For a time being Iranian peaceful nuclear activity has been metamorphosed into nuclear geopolitics. Along with two other variables, energy and regional, the nuke geopolitics make Iran’s complex triangular geopolitics. On the other hand the regime of sanction as an intervening variable penetrates the three sides of triangular and makes their cohesion more complicated.According to complex interdependence theory (Keohane&Nye) there are paradoxical trends of convergence and divergence, sensitivity, vulnerability and asymmetrical costs between Iran and world powers in the nuclear case. In this article those elements would arrange in an axiomatic system. Above all and because of escalation of interdependence and costs between actors, the time variable would be prolonged and cause the perspective of dynamism of Iran’s nuclear program to be saturated with the context of quantized, uncertainty and relativity for all sides.

Different countries take different stances in their foreign policy. These different stances could be in form of isolation, non commitment, solidarity, and neutral, third power policy (or third force), being Iran’s foreign policy in different era, could be added to these stances.Industrial revolution and its consequence along with regional, over regional changes of late 18th century and early years of 19th century, being simultaneous with empowerment of Qajar’s in Iran, caused Iran to enter International policy arena. For more than a century, main features of Iran foreign policy was based on the contest between Soviet Union and Britain in Qajar’s era. Negative consequences of this contest caused Iranian policy makers to bring in the third power to Iran. The pioneers of the third power, at first,just had political intentions and goals, but gradually aimed at utilizing economical and human aids of third power to contribute to economy and bureaucracy of Iran Germans could benefit from this situation as best as possible; They could penetrate into economy with their interference in different forms. At the time of Reza shah and second world war, Germans could attract the attention of people and government in away that their authority extended and this caused forced the two power, Russia and Britain, to put their enmity aside and consequently take measures against Aligned and Germans, and consequently Iran was occupied by Russia and Britain. causing them to react against reza shah. The logical outcome of this reaction was nothing but dethroning of Reza shah, military invasion of Iran and national properties of Iran.

The subject of this article is investigating the tribal dependences in eight terms of Islamic parliament elections in Ilam province.Although holding elections and widespread inclination of groups,and different social classes of people toward elections may seem apparently a favorable characteristic of increased political and social participation and may indicate departure from traditional and emotional situation toward a sensible and foundational state, but thinking about process and events related to eight terms of Islamic parliament elections in Ilam province is expressing that political participation in this province has affected political tribal and causes a type of political participation in this area. What is to be intended in this article is that despite modern approaches of people’s presence in social and political decision makings and determination of their legal destiny, this modern device is still integrated with tribal and racial prejudice so that the motivation of Ilam people for voting to their parliament representative is not because of social and political awareness, but because of tribal and emotional prejudices and motivations. Participation of Ilam’s people is motivated by different factors that emotional and unreasonable factors dominate among them all. Among these factors, tribal and clan dependence is a significant factor for victory of candidates and participation of people in elections.Results of this survey show that tribal relations has played a key role up to sixth parliaments elections in Ilam province but after khordad 1376 due to political changes and upheavals i.e., strong impact of sects in political upheavals, sixth, seventh, and eighths Islamic parliament elections changed to a competitive race among tribes and sects. It was afterwards that the influence of tribalism in political affairs of Ilam decreased gradually (though slowly). In this article, the subject has been explained by using a statistical data and descriptive-analytical model.

Having replaced tool called sanction instead of war and imposing coercive force, the extent of using this phenomenon has increased so that some people would have reckoned sanction as a fact of life today like war and predicting the position of sanction in the section 7 of the UN charter as a tool maintaining international peace and security confirms this matter. The sensitivity of the subject and the increasing use of the weapon seemingly cold on the worldwide have caused the writer to choose the most fundamental changes of the recent decades i.e. 1.Globlozation 2. End of Cold 3. Event of 11September, of course with considering theories of sanction and principles of the general international law also the position of the sanction in the UN charter, for studying sanction, the most contentious subject of the contemporary times, differently than the studies performed so far.

Barack Obama as a liberal who presented paying least attention to militarism and most importance to international community as his defining characteristics, portrayed attacking Libya as a necessity. Barack Obama was pursuaded by the humanitarianist hawks inside the decision making apparatus and specially moralist liberals in the National Security Council that the united states has to resort to every available means to protect and support the innocent individuals against Qaddafi’s regime and as a liberal it is his moral responsibility to accept leadership in mobilizing international society in order to defend human values.Barack Obama based on domestic considerations by protect doctrine which was passed by the United Nations in 2005, alongside with the allies intervened in the civil war in Libya for the benefit of the opponents of Qaddafi to prevent what they presented as genocide.

After the 1979 Islamic Revolution and break down of Iran- US relation,the Two Countries have Seldom Engaged in direct talks and negotiations.Thus it has often been Third party which has Played an important role in trying to resolve Disputes between the two countries in international arena.After U.S lead invasion against Afghanistan in 2001, the U.S forces have failed to achieve a quick victory and this has Opened a new avenue of cooperation between Iran and the United States.The aim of this article is to see whether shared interests such as, fight against terrorism, narcotics and Taliban in Afghanistan could increase the chance of bilateral engagement and eventually improve the relations between the two countries without engaging Third parties.

Uncertainty can be regarded as a significant feature of global environmental problems. It has led to difficulties and complication in policy making. This means that the international community needs to acquire sufficient knowledge about these problems in order to deal with them through appropriate measures. The main argument of this article is that epistemic communities are the main actors that provide the necessary knowledge about various aspects of human environment.The main functions of these communities include research, evaluation,introducing problems, publicizing knowledge about environmental issues, providing collective discourses, and developing appropriate measures that help policy making possible. This article seeks to analyze the role of these actors in global environmental policies.

In this article we seek to survey all the M.A. dissertations in political science, international relations and regional studies, defended by Shahid Beheshti University graduate students from the beginning of the Islamic revolution up until now in order to explore what they have studied and how as well as to understand if there is any relation between the subject of research and the methodology of studying it.Our main finding is that M.A. dissertations are neither domesticated nor applied studies. It is a must for policy makers in Iranian higher education to facilitate researches in various graduate programs in political science, international relations and regional studies which are both domesticated and applied.