فصلنامه روانشناسی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، پاییز 1391)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of culture on clinical decision-making styles of Iranians and Americans psychotherapists in three dimensions of decision-making: expedience vs. realism, individualism vs. collectivism and longtermvs. short-term orientations. The research design was ex post facto and population included Iranian and American psychotherapists who all had at least a minimum of two years of professional experience in the field. The sample was consisted of 30 Iranian psychotherapists and 26 American psychotherapists who were selected with convenience sampling. Each of the participants were presented with three clinical dilemmas, whereby they could mark the extent to which they deem each of the items as significantbased on the degree of involvement of the abovementioned decision-making dimensions in their clinical decisions. The results of UNOVA shows that there are significant differences between decision-making styles of the two groups, i.e. the Iranian psychotherapist's clinical decision makings were mostly with higher expediency, collectivity and long-term orientation. According to the results, it can be accepted that in addition to clinical training, culture and its related components as a frame of reference has influenced the clinical decision-making style of psychotherapists.

The goal of current study was to assess the personality characteristics in smokers and nonsmokers using a comprehensive model of personality, the Five-Factor Model. 100 smoker university students (50 light smokers and 50 moderate to heavy smokers) and 50 nonsmokeruniversity students were selected and assessed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The results indicated that the mean scores of neuroticism factor and its anxiety, depression, angry hostility, impulsiveness and vulnerability traits in light smokers and moderate to heavy smokers were higher than normal individuals. Also, mean scores of neuroticism factor and its anxiety and vulnerability traits in moderate to heavy smokers were higher than light smokers. Mean scores of extraversion factor and its assertiveness, activity and excitement-seeking anxiety traits in light smokers and moderate to heavy smokers were higher than normal individuals. In contrast, mean scores of agreeableness and conscientiousness factors in normal individuals were higher than light smokers and moderate to heavy smokers. According to findings one might claim that personality traits are crucial in smoking and personality researches may lead to a deeper understanding of various aspects of cigarette smoking and can potentially contribute to policies and programs of smoking intervention, prevention and cessation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationship between perfectionism dimensions and academic self-efficacy with achievement goals among high school students. The sample consisted of 302 third grade high school students (151 males and 151 females). Participants answered the Elliot & McGregor Achievement Goal Questionnaire,Try-Short et al Perfectionism Scale and McIllroy & Bunting Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire. The result showed positive perfectionism had significantly related to mastery-approach and performance-approach positively and negative perfectionism had significantly related to masteryavoidance, performance-avoidance and performance-approach positively. Also academic self-efficacy had significantly related to masteryapproach positively and performance-avoidance negatively.Futher analysis by multiple regression test showed the positive perfectionism, negative perfectionism, academic self-efficacy and gender variables could count for 19% of variance of the mastery-approach, 19% of variance of the masteryavoidance, 16% of variance of performanceapproach and 0/07% of variance of performanceavoidance achievement goals. According to these results achievement goals were predicted by perfectionism dimensions and academic selfefficacy.

This study examined the relation of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) to resilience. Participants were 354 postgraduate students (188 females, 166 males) from Shiraz University. They completed the Hjemdal et al’s. Resilience Scale for Adults (2001), the Petrides and Furnham’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (2001) and the King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale (2008). In data analysis, multiple regression (enter method) and independent samples t-test were used. Results showed that emotional intelligence in comparison with spiritual intelligence was a stronger predictor of resilience. Moreover, the personal competence, family cohesion, and social resources were predictable from personal meaning production and optimism. There were no significant differences between male and female in mean scores of EQ and resiliency but females get higher scores in SQ than males