Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:3 Issue: 4, 2012

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are major group of chlorinated by products, potentially hazardous and carcinogenicity of these compounds was recognized. The purpose of this study was survey on THMs concentration in Ahvaz drinking water. A descriptive cross-sectional study was based on 36-week sampling program during the winter, spring and summer of 2011 in water distribution network of the No. 1 and No. 2 water treatment plants (WTP1 and WTP2) in Ahvaz city was conducted. Sampling in the distribution networks was taken from finished water and three points of distribution networks. THM species analyses carried out by gas chromatograph system (GC/µECD) with head space technique. SPSS software was used for data analysis. One-way ANOVA test was used for THMs average comparison between seasons and sampling point and T-test was used for comparison between two distribution networks. In this study, the total THMs determined in winter, spring and summer ranged from 20.5-86µg/L, 18.92-66.06µg/L and 17.35-174.75µg/L respectively. According to this study, only in 6 samples the total THMs concentration exceed the U.S.EPA MCL (80 µg/L) and only in 3 samples exceed from the Iran standard and WHO guideline (∑THM/WHO guideline≤1). Average values of the total THMs in summer were 1.4 and 1.6 times higher than winter and spring respectively. Furthermore, brominated THMs were dominant species.

In a severe oxidative stress condition, balance of oxidant-anioxdiant system of the body breaks down, which is in order to produce more oxidants and, after that, important macromolecules such as DNA undergo irreversible changes. There are reports indicating the therapeutic effects of the date. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of date kernel`s on antioxidant capacity and the rate of glutathione peroxidase activity in the Rat`s blood serums and erythrocytes after intraperitoneal administration. After collecting and identifying the date fruit, in this study, its kernel was crushed and extracted using maceration method by methanol. Rats were randomly divided into 4group (6 Rats),(control; 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with the extracts for 15 days. Sampling was carried out from the carotid artery. Samples were divided into two parts of serum and erythrocyte.by kits, the antioxidant capacity and the rate of glutathione peroxidase activity in the samples of serum and erythrocytes were evaluated. Rates of antioxidant capacity of serum and erythrocyte in the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 were 23.40, 40.40, 54.34 and 124.35, 156.73, 198.29, respectively, and rates of glutathione peroxidase activity of serum and erythrocytes in the concentrations above were 0.87, 0.232, 0.306 and 0.116, 0.285, 0.653, respectively. Rats which were injected by a more concentration of date kernel`s extract had more total antioxidant capacity and the rate of their glutathione peroxidase activity was more than the others indicating an appropriate effectiveness of the date kernel`s extract.

Pet birds may carry human infectious agents and some of these can be transmitted to people. Campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacteria that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Considering people's interests to keep pet birds and the potential ability of pet birds to transmit Campylobacter to humans, the present study was conducted to evaluate Campylobacter infection in Shahrekord lovebirds by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Altogether 120 samples of lovebird faeces were collected from different areas of Shahrekord, Iran and evaluated for detection of Campylobacter by bacteriological and PCR methods. Campylobacter was isolated from 1.7% (2 out of 120) of samples. Campylobacter isolates showed high level of antibiotic resistance. The results of our study suggest that lovebird ownership can be a menace to people's health by Campylobacter infection. We hope that the results of this study lead to improvements in the understanding probable danger of pet bird ownership and programs against zoonoses.

Backgrund: Pregnancy is associated with physical and psychological changes in pregnant women. Thus, we evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training with cognitive-behavioral approach on psychological aspects of primiparous women including state/trait anxiety, pregnancy anxiety and mental health.

This research is a quasi-experimental study with pre and posttest. The convenience sampling included 30 primigravidae who obtained a standard deviation above the mean in mental health questionnaire and who enjoyed the demographic standard of the research. They were randomly divided into two groups as experimental and control (n=15). The experimental group was provided with stress management training 2 hours per day on a weekly basis, but the control group only had usual pregnancy cares. Then, they were again assessed by the mentioned questionnaires. The collected data were evaluated by multivariate covariance and were analyzed using SPSS software.

The findings indicated that stress management training with cognitive-behavioral approach had a significant effect on state/trait anxiety (p< 0.001), pregnancy anxiety (p< 0.003) and its aspects (concerns about child birth (p< 0.002, concerns about interpersonal emotions/relationships P< 0.02) as well as mental health (P< 0.015), but has no significant effect on the concerns about changes in body (p< 0.12) appearance.

Stress management training program is an appropriate approach for mental health promotion and distress reduction due to the anxiety of primigravidae in dealing with the pregnancy stresses.

To achive natural and harmonic restoration color, shade matching is a commonly used method in dental practice using shade guides. To prevent infection,shade guides are required to be disinfected. Using of disinfection solutions gradually affect the color of dental equipment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three disinfectants sodium hypochlorite solution 5/25%, Deconex and Glutar aldeid 2% on the color stability vita Lumin shade guide by using the spectrophotometer. Samples were divide into 4 groups(n=10) one of them as a control group, was excluded. In order to simulate the condition of immersion per one year, they were immersed for 24 hours in disinfectant and for 5 minutes, rinsed with distilled water in ultra sonic machines and washed under the tap water for 30 seconds. Using the spectrophotometer based on CIELab color system, statistical analysis were done using done by one way ANOVA and Dunnett C test.There were significant differences in L(P<0.001) and b(p<0.01) values in all groups as compared to those of control group. In a value there were no significant differences in all of the groups for ∆E(p> 0.05). If we could follow the manufacturer`s recommendations about time and how to use disinfectants, it would prevent clinically perceptible changes in shade guides color.

When a primary radiation interacts with a medium, the secondary radiations are produced, that the contribution of these secondary radiation should considered in the calculation of dose. Build-up factor is a dosimetric correction factor to assume effect of secondary radiation in calculation of dose. Calculation of this factor is very difficult and time consuming. Due to significance of this factor and difficulties in calculation of this factor in other method, the aim of this study is to calculate Build-up factor of cobalt-60 by using of Tissue Air Ratio concept in water Build-up factor equation for Co-60 obtained by using of general equation between Build-up factor and TAR. Build-up factors values calculated by using of this equation. Then, by using of TABLE CURVE software in several steps, general equation of Build-up factor obtained as a function of depth and field size. Build-up factor values and general equation of this factor were obtained as a function of depth and field size for Co-60 unit, to depth 30 Cm. graph of build-up factor plotted against depth for any field size, and physical formula of this factor was expressed as a function of depth for any field size with minimum regression (=.986) By increase of depth and field size due to increase of scattered radiation, build-up factors were increased. Build-up factors values in field size 35×35 have a good agreement with data in ANSI standard. (maximum differences=2.5%)

Noise pollution causes of apoptosis in germinal cells of testes. This study investigated the effects of honey and vitamin E administration on the process of apoptosis in cells of the germinal testis of rats exposed to noise stress. In this study, 24 male wistar rats randomly grouped as: 1 (honey + noise stress), 2 (vitamin E + noise stress) 3 (noise stress) and group 4 (control) groups. In groups 1, 2 and 3 rats were exposed to noise stress. After 50 days testes of rats were extracted and digested by using DNaseI, collagenase type IV and trypsin- EDTA then viability and apoptosis of the cells in harvested cell suspension evaluated by using the TUNEL kit. This study showed that the apoptosis was increased and viability decreased in testes of exposed rats to noise stress. By administrated of honey and vitamin E we observed that the apoptosis rate significantly decreased (1.89 % and 3.98% in groups received honey and vitamin respectively). (p<0.05). This study showed that administration of honey and vitamin E reduced the effect of noise stress and apoptosis in germinal cell and recovered spermatogenesis in rats with increase numbers of live cells.

Initially: Initially it was thought that the disorder of childhood autism and childhood schizophrenia، in fact، are same conditions however، subsequent studies revealed differences. To differentiate autistic disorder from schizophrenia, longitudinal studies are needed. Psychosis in patients with a diagnosis of autism is still challenging, because these two disorders have similar characteristics; including disturbances in perception, thought disorders, cathatonia and impaired reality testing. Other differential diagnosis of psychosis in childhood include: Psychosis due to organic illness, substance abuse, childhood disintegrative disorder، Asperger disorder, psychotic depression. The following report discusses the difficulty in differentiatin gautism disorder from other causes of disorganized behavior anddescribes its importance in treatment.

Scorpion sting is a public health problem in Iran. In the current study, the scorpion sting data were analyzed to make the methods regarding to reduce the number of scorpion sting victims in Sirjan. There is not any study related to scorpion sting victims in Sirjan.In this retrospective research study, files of patients who referred to Sirjan health centre were described from the points of epidemiological aspects. In this study 521 files of scorpion sting victims including 196, 177 and 148 cases were described, regarding 2007- 2009, respectively. The findings of this study showed that the 45% of victims were females and the rest were males (55%). The most frequent scorpion stings (75.04%) were happened in summer. The most frequent scorpion stings were happened among 15-24 year old people. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that to reduce scorpion stings the most clinically and educationally attention should be paid to 15- 24 year age group in summer in Sirjan area, however, the scorpion sting damages take place entire a year.