فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 28، پاییز 1391)

Infidelity is a major cause of divorce and spousal battering. little is known, however, about wich individual are susceptible to infidelity, or about the contexts factors that promote infidelity. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare attachment dimensions and The big five personality traits among unfaithful men and women who experienced infidelity and normal couple. For this purpose 397 (247 femal and 150 men) were selected. Data were collected with The big five personality trait NEO, attachment style RAَAS questionnaires. Analysis of data were t-test independent and ANOVA test. The result indicated that women have betrayed (in court), at the neuroticism, and betrayed women (counseling centers) at the conscience than normal women have demonstrated significant differences. The women have betrayed (in court) than women (counseling centers) have shown significant differences at the anxiety and avoidance attachment. Also Unfaithful men and normal men were shown significant differences in neuroticism, conscientiousness, anxiety and avoidance attachment

The aim of this is research was to high light the physical, psychological and social aspect of the MS in order to absorb attentions to the use of interdisciplinary treatment and a holistic approach.because this illness causes physical, psychoilogical, job, social and economic problms and interfere with person's quality of life. Results of this national survey, which was conducted on a sample of 1000 MS patients referring to MS associations across Iran, Findings of the present paper support the findings of previous studies regarding higher number of women being affected by the disease than men; also higher frequency of relapsing – remitting type of the disease. Statistical results of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI, l977) indicated that men experience more depression and less social support than women. Differences between employed and unemployed patients are significant in all scales, except in social support scale. There was no significant difference between single and married patients in total score of mental health and social support scales; but they were different in other scales. Better economic and educational status are effective factors in having better feeling and perception toward QOL. Patients living in warm climate (annoying for patients), enjoy more social support than those living in moderate climate. Also in more religious cities, patients enjoy more social support than in less religious cities. Patient's cognitive problems are less in moderate climate than in cold or warm climates. Religious and non religious patients and those who,outwardly, do not consider themselves religious differ only in behavior control. and anxiety. The most important suggestion of the study is: applying holistic approach, paying attention to bio-psycho-social aspects of human life, comprehensive disease management approach and interdisciplinary team treatment.

Present research was arranged in order to investigate The effectiveness of written emotional disclosure on depression and working memory capacity in girl adolescents with depressive symptoms. An experimental research method was applied using pretest-posttest design of control group. Total number of 40 students from Tehran, Iran were chosen through multi-stage cluster sampling, and they were randomly categorized in two experimental and control groups.Depression of the participants was measured by Beck depression test and clinical interview while active memory examinations were utilized to assess working memory capacity of them. Afterwards, the experimental group received 8 sessions (30 minutes each) of written emotional disclosure. One week after the last training session students in both groups were post-tested by the same technique. Pearson correlations and variance/covariance methods were used for data analysis. The obtained results indicated that depression was adversely related to working memory capacity, and that written emotional expression reduced the depressive symptoms and increased working memory capacity. It should be noted that follow-ups were rerun after 2 months with the students responding to the tests once again. One more time, the results demonstrated that written emotional expression has kept its effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to examine Predictability of organizational commitment with job stress, organizational creativity and achievement motivation in Nurses of Tabriz hospitals. The method of this research was correlative- descriptive. Statistical population was Tabriz hospital’s Nurses. From this population, 300 Nurses were selected with quota sampling. For assessment variables, were used Muday and Porter organizational commitment questionnaire, Vanderduf job stress inventory, Tureens creativity inventory and Steers and Brown Steen achievement motivation questionnaire. For data analysis were used Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression and multivariate analysis of variance. Data analysis showed that organizational creativity, achievement motivation and job stress well able to predict nurse's organizational commitment. The positive relationship was found between achivement motivation and organizational creativity but negative correlation was found between achivement motivation and job stress, and between organizational creativity and job stress. Considering that increase organizational commitment cause promote of organizations, especially hospitals. Since that increasing creativity and achievement motivation reduce job stress was associated with increased staff organizational commitment, promotion of achievement motivation allow the displaying of creativity. Reduce stress programs should be seriously considered by hospitals officers.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gratitude with prosocial behaviors and personality characteristics in a sample of university students. Research method of this study was correlation and comparison. 384 students (222 females and 162 males) from public universities in Tehran who were selected by cluster random sampling responds to gratitude questionnaire; gratitude, resentment and appreciation tests; prosocial behavior questionnaire and short-form of NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Data were analyzed using t- test and correlation. The results revealed that the dimensions of gratitude with prosocial behavior had a positive correlation. For dimensions of personality, neuroticism had a positive association with all aspects of the gratitude and openness has a positive and significant Correlation with gratitude and appreciation, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness showed a negative Correlation with prosocial behavior. Also between females and males showed a difference in rates of gratitude and dimensions of personality. The findings of the present study were to support the relationship between gratitude, prosocial behaviors and some aspects of personality.

One of The problems which has been prevalent among couples and families is extramarital internet relationships or internet infedility. This study was conducted to investigate the interpersonal factors related to this issue. Hazan- Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used on an Internet website that was designed for this purpose. 141 Users, married Iranian who were members of Persian sites and chatrooms were selected through available sampling. For analysis of data statistical indices and Correlation Coefficient and Regression Analysis Were used. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between internet infidelity with Attachment Secure Style and a significant positive relationship between internet infidelity whit with Attachment Avoidance Style and Attachment Ambivalent Style (p<0/01). The results showed that also, there was not a significant relationship between internet infidelity with marital satisfaction and the majority of participants had a moderate level of marital satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between internet infidelity with subscales of Conflict Resolution and Leisure in marital satisfaction (p<0/05). The results showed that Attachment Avoidance Style and Attachment Ambivalent Style can to be considered as predictors to measure probability of individuals engaging in Extramarital Internet Relationships. It was also concluded that there was not relationship between the marital satisfaction as an interpersonal factor, engaging in extramarital internet relationships in married individuals.

This study investigated the role of student's achievement goals in their mental health. This study was a descriptive correlation study. Using Morgan's sampling table. sample of 600 students selected with using multistage cluster sampling from all students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during the academic year of 2009-2010. For gathering data, it was used two scales: Goldberger's General Health Questionnaire and Midgley's Goal Orientations Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that all goal orientation components (mastery, performance-approach and performance-avoiding) had a significant negative relationship with mental health. Multiple regression analysis showed that among these three orientations, mastery and approach ones can predict mental health, while avoiding one cannot. Therefore, Considering the results and the predictability of mental health by master and performance-approach orientations, it is needed that educational systems tend to direct their students towards these orientations.