نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 18، زمستان 1391)

Since programming is one of the most important courses in computer science، for selecting the better teaching method and a better student guidance، a tutor must know that what mental abilities have the most effect on the learning of these lessons. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between students’ programming courses’ grades and their tolerance of ambiguity. This correlation study was conducted in 2012 among 520 computer students entered Islamic Azad University of Mobarakeh from 2008 to 2010. Two hundred students were selected using stratified random sampling method. The Ahmadpour’s test of ambiguity tolerance was employed to measure the level of students’ tolerance of ambiguity. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12 software، descriptive statistical methods، Pearson correlation، independent T-test and Chi-square test. The girl student’s tolerance of ambiguity was significantly lower than boy students (p=0. 017). There was no significant relationship between the ambiguity tolerance grades of students and their academic level (p>0. 05). However، there were significant relationships between the second and third programming courses’ grades of students and their academic level and sexuality (p<0. 05). There was a positive significant relationship between student’s programming grades and their level of ambiguity tolerance (p<0. 05). Student’s level of ambiguity tolerance affects their programming courses’ grades.

It is necessary to design some comprehensive questionnaires with generable questions explaining the main variables of the test in order to use students'' views efficiently for the evaluation of academic staffs'' performance. So، the aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the academic staffs'' evaluation by students'' questionnaire. This survey research was conducted among Gilan university student in 2009-10 and 626 students were selected using random sampling method from among the five faculties. In order to assess the validity of academic staffs'' evaluation questionnaire، a researcher-made questionnaire including 99 closed-ended questions. To determine the reliability using the agreement coefficient from the academic professors'' forms completed by students، 26 samples of agricultural faculties، 42 samples of technical faculty، 66 samples of humanities faculty were analyzed according to the population of faculties. The content validity of some components of principal questions was less than %30 and has not a little relationship with the main question. The obtained agreement coefficient was high for all questions. In technical engineering faculty، 11th question and in agricultural faculty، physical education and basic sciences faculties the 13th and 14th questions and in humanities faculty، 6th، 11th، 12th and 13th questions enjoyed the highest agreement. The content validity of Gilan academic staffs'' evaluation questionnaire is low for some questions. In terms of reliability (agreement coefficient) of the questionnaire''s question، although all were enjoying high reliability، however، this agreement coefficient differs from one faculty to the other one.

Empowerment training is the presentation of the knowledge and skill of continuous improvement of comprehensive quality to the employees. The conventional idea of training is not capable of conveying the message of requiring the various types of knowledge and skills for empowering the individuals. Considering the significance of the manpower training and evaluation of its effects on the increased performance as well as empowerment of the staffs، the [resent study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the on-the-job training courses and empowerment of employees.

The correlation survey study was undertaken on 361 formal employees of the Maskan bank branches in Kerman in 2009 and 186 employees were selected using random sampling method. Data collection was done using two questionnaires of the way of holding the on-the-job training courses (34 questions) based on the dimensions of context، input، process and output as well as Spreitzer psychological empowerment (20 questions) based on the dimensions of meaning (perceived value of work objectives)، competence (feelings of self-efficacy)، choice (feeling of self determination or autonomy) and impact (one’s perception of his capability to influence). In order to analysis data، Pearson correlation tests، one-way ANOVA، multi-variable regression، and linear log using SPSS 16 software.

The mean score of performance and evaluation of on-the-job training courses was 120. 8 ± 17. 5 and the mean empowerment score was 77. 2 ± 11. 4. There was a significant relationship between the way of holding the on-the-job training courses and empowerment (r=0. 521; p=0. 0001) and also its components. Input variables (p=0. 001; t=3. 241) and process (t=2. 321; p=0. 021) had the highest effect on the empowerment variable.

There is a significant and direct relationship between the way of way of holding the on-the-job training courses and empowerment of employees of the Maskan bank branches in Kerman.

Introduction of Iranian National Medical Digital Library (INLM) has been a huge investment over recent years. The aim of the present study was to discover the effectiveness of this scientific intervention through examination of citation pattern among medical students'' theses during 2007-2010 (one year before and two years after access). This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 2011 on 219 medical students theses، defended from April، 2007 to March 2010، at Babol University of Medical Sciences، and all subjects were included in the study using census method. In order to collect data، a copy of reference section of the theses available in the university main library was provided. Bibliographical information of citations was recorded according to the type of resource، language and time of publication in the data collection sheets. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software، ANOVA and independent T-test. The resources used and cited by students were 10916 citations out of the total 219 theses. The mean number of resources used in the medical students'' theses had an increase during 2007 to 2010. The rate of whole resources use as well as the number of journals used in the theses from 2007 to 2010 had a significant statistical difference (p<0. 05). The increased mean number of used resources، increased portion of journals and addition of the English references to the medical theses during the mentioned period indicates the positive effect of the exploitation of the INLM on the medical students'' citation behavior.

Knowing the factors affecting the academic achievement could lead to improved educational programming and reinforced teaching output. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors which have influence on academic achievement among students.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using a systematic random sampling method among 180 students from various disciplines and levels of one of the universities of medical sciences in Tehran in April، 2012. The index for academic achievement was the mean of Grade Point Average (GPA) during the two past semesters. The instruments for data collection were four questionnaires containing demographic information، satisfaction of educational environment، satisfaction of academic content and also Kolb learning style inventory. Data were analyzed using ANOVA، independent sample T-test، and Pearson correlation statistical tests and by the use of SPSS 20 statistical software.

Some variables، including gender، age، academic disciplines and grades، being interested in academic discipline and learning style showed a significant difference in the participants'' academic achievement index. The mean grade of satisfaction of educational environment was 38. 17±9. 06 and its correlation with academic achievement was -0. 067 (p>0. 05). The mean grade of satisfaction of educational content was 11. 93±3. 11 and its correlation with academic achievement was 0. 006 (p>0. 05). Divergent، compatible، absorbent and convergent learning styles were respectively the dominant learning styles among 138 participants (76. 7%)، 23 participants (12. 8%)، 14 participants (7. 7%) and 5 participants (2. 8%).

Gender، age، academic disciplines and learning style can have determining role in the academic performance of medical sciences students.

S tudying the validity of student evaluations can be effective in accepting the results of such evaluations by professors and administrators. The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance of professors'' evaluation by medical students and graduates. In this descriptive cross sectional study the evaluation scores of 23 faculty members teaching in Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences in 2010، were evaluated. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of student evaluation of university teachers containing 15 questions with 5-option Likert scale. Fifteen sixth-academic-year students (intern) who were on the verge of graduation with no relationship with basic sciences professors، completed the evaluation questionnaire as graduates. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and paired T tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. The total mean score of professors'' evaluation score by students and graduates، had no significant difference (p= 0. 45) and the correlation between them was positive and significant. Correlation coefficient between the evaluation scores of male and female professors by students and graduates were respectively r=0. 581 and r=0. 611 which was statistically significant (p=0. 016). There is a high correlation between the evaluation scores of professors by students and graduates indicates the consistency of the evaluation scores of professors and the validity of the student evaluations.

In current dynamic environment، educational organizations have to screen their environment actively and dynamically، and detect their goals achieving parameters in it. The purpose of this research was to recognize، analyze and categorize the effective factors on success of educational field of engineering faculties by FCM method. After analyzing the field literature and recognizing the effective factors of educational success in engineering faculties، 36 persons who were selected by judiciary purposeful sampling method among managers and teachers، recognized and selected the final effective factors. Content validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha methods) of the questionnaire were confirmed. After categorizing the final factors in 7 parts، the causal relation of the factors and their effect level was determined by 12 experts. FCMapper 1 and Pajek 64 softwares were used to draw FCM. According to centrality characteristics (sum of effectiveness and affectedness)، ”university students empowerment “، “university reliability“،” faculty incoming budget “، “cooperation of education and social needs“،” absorbing and remaining of better teachers “، “teachers’ scientific power and update“،” proper and achievable laboratories and workshops “، “amount of educational fields“and “ten-year goal” were the most central concepts. FCM is an effective and advantageous instrument for analyzing the effective factors of concepts and goals and can change the fuzzy linguistic parameters to some weights and use them for modeling.

Interaction is one of the basic features of electronic textbooks, that is considered to be the main distinction between the print and traditional books as well. Various studies have shown that various people recall 60 percent of what they had interaction with. This confirms the essential role of «Interaction» in the design of learning environments and educational materials. Theoretical fundamentals and research literature show that in spite of significant differences between traditional and electronic books, especially in terms of design principles; however, when preparing electronic textbooks, design principles of interaction and participation has been less considered. So, extracting different comments and issues, the present article has introduced the possible interactions and suitable beds for interactive e-books design. This study was conducted aiming at investigating the role and place of interaction in the electronic textbook and providing practical guidance for proper design. Interaction is one of the major influential elements in electronic textbook which is confirmed by several studies that necessitates the precision and attention of designers and producers of electronic textbooks.