مجله پژوهش علوم انسانی
پیاپی 27 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

One of the basic matters that is very important in nahgolbalagheh is leadership and pontificate and duty between governor and citizens. So we see many letters and short sentences and speeches that are about political concepts and government. Feedback of imam ali,s political thoughts and the ways of government and justice are seen in nahgolbalaghe. All of the people who have wanted a jesuitical government have taken their thoughts from nahjolbalagheh. At this point, sadi, great poet of iran has similar thoughts thoughts about government and governor and this poet, uses, these thoughts with derivation based on the condition of his period of time.

Khwaja Rashid Al-din Fazlolah Hamedani’era is the terror era, nostalgia and plunder era. It’s the era of disrupting magnificent and splendor Islamic Iran’s culture’s structure. The great art of Khwaja in this multi dynasty and worrisome era was not authoring the book“Jame Al-Tavarikh”,cause the others have done that. it was not constructing”Rashidi intersection”,cause corrupt envious and adulterer governors see him off with that. his art was not his medical skills, cause all bodies were fatigue due to the war time and not political ministry, cause becoming a minister in satanic scavenger’s era neither needed diplomacy nor tact. But the greatest art of khwaja like the great men of this home land was cultural ministry and boundary guardianship. And also khwaja’ responsibility was not authorship burden, was not medical burden, not even political burden but it was cultural burden and society prestige. And what he died for was cultural safeguarding not political rank. This great man predeceased himself and his tribe for history and ethnic and domestic values in order to keep this eminent culture and bearing eminences leading the sapient gallants and gallant sapient for good.

Amsal and Hakam forms the considerable part of the literature and folklore and it is explanatory of the people’s concerns and desires. However, for some reasons, it had not seriously thought about a contemporary period to study and analyze this part of literature. Woman in anecdote of Farsi is highlighted as a roll of daughter, mother, groom, spouse and etc.Meanwhile, one of the discussions that we feel it is necessary to study in Amsal and Hakam, is “woman as a spouse” discussion. This article is intended to think carefully in Amsal and Hakam of Farsi to study the people’s point of view in terms of plus and minus woman epithet and also if it is necessary we review the other nations of anecdote.

The vast realm of literature always sees the creation of numerous fictional works each of which may in turn influence this genre. An ancient country, Iran has since long been the cradle of story telling and fiction writing.Love, death, betrayal and many other concepts which are understood thereof are themes which have been involved in most of the literary works written during human history. Therefore, in such a world where there is almost no new concept to be born and developed in the field of writing, the majority of writers are likely to, whether consciously or unconsciously, take influence from others or present similar ideas to the readers. Owing to the numerous particular features of his works concerning narrative techniques, characterization and social themes, William Faulkner, who is the greatest writer of the 20th century according to many prominent critics, has always been an inspiring model for modern writers, and even in Iran where fictional literature is still very young many writers have followed Faulknerian style in their works. Naser Taghvaei, an Iranian writer and director whose small number of works are among the best of Iranian works of fiction, has showed a special interest in Faulkner and perceptibly followed his style.This paper attempts to demonstrate the influence this writer has taken from Faulkner’s works.

Mansour Yaghouti is one of the mighty writers from Kermanshah in the field of fictional literature. His realistic fictions mostly are based on depicting class contrast and describing workers and farmers lives which a few decades before lived hardly in rural areas in Kermanshah under predominance of khans. In his works, the hero is some one iconoclast that rebels against society’s values-in his own idea wrong values-and due to his rebellion is banished and shelters to the mountain as”Yaghi”(rebellious). In these fictions we can observe and study an image of society’s condition or the writer’s viewpoint about it. The authors of this article have tried to deal with surveying the aim, manner and ideal of the hero in the story and the influence of society in the way the hero selects for his conflicts and also the hero’s influence on the society. The authors have tried to do so with introducing structural paradigm of rebellious stories by emphasizing on the principals and rules of sociological critics. This article shows that:1-incorrect manner of society and government in encountering the hero lead him being rebellious.2-rebelious’s aim is to end class discrimination and poor people’s suffering and hardship in the society. 3-thankes to rebellions’ frustration in society, he chooses his special manner to reform the current conditions, do personal action and wayward performing of justice with his own potential support.

Sleeping (dream and dream like imagination specially those kinds of dream they role play on predicting and determining some one’s destiny) is a very important and effective element in epic and myth narrations structure.Because of that interpreting is one of the important acts of some of he classes such as a specific group of priest and sages in Shahname. and this group of epic and mythic well-informed people teach dream interpreting principles only to a proper people. this people by having a special sagacity and wisdom interpret dreams’ cipher and symbols. (Dreams fundamentally have a symbolic language and their meaning should be revealed).In Shahname which is the dominion of two kind of mythic and epic narrating, dream is very important; and many of the events are pre-creating in character’s dream before they happen.This research which has been done with an approach to Vladimir Prop method in elf stories structure analysis, shows that in morphological analysis of “the released child myth” we should consider the dreaming and its basic applications because of the important role (predicting (warning or announcement) the presence of the hero) that it has in narrative structure of the mentioned myth.

Logic is the science, which exhibits the human being thinking, based on the conceptions and certifications and then start to reasoning these preliminary conditions and induction methods and also figurative rationales, which also keep away them from any errors or mistakes. But most of these widespread premises among people aren`t accepted logically and wisely. The different values and principals in making these conceptions and certifications are one of the basic reasons of contradictions in logical claims. But on the other hand, various understanding and conceptions of many groups from realities must be considered, too. What so ever the human mind has more logical and scientific supports, their claims and premises are more logical and reasonable, too. On the contrary, more material minds or more engaging in the conscious or non-conscious feeling, results in more weak and fragile logical principals. Therefore the wised or poetic logic has very various and distinctive environment which maybe there isn`t any similarities with the wisdom or wisely logic.

This article, taken from a interdisciplinary field research in Persian language and literature and educational sciences, deal with identifying the causes and origins of the rash of disability in right and correct writing from the teachers’ and fifth-graders’ standpoint.Analysis of data obtained from this researchconducted using “factor analysis” revealed the following three groups from the teacher’s viewpoint:1- individual-family and individual- school- 2- school problems- 3- problems relating to the management and curriculum. It also showed the following from the students’ viewpoint: 1- individual-family and individual-school-2- school problems. The students’ compositions were also checked over on the basis of factors in the quartet analytical tables, in terms of six major feauters of sentence – making, eleven significant factors of Persian grammar as well as misspellings. Considerable results were obtained from the mentioned process which confirm and verify the factors from the teachers’ and students’ standpoint.Indentifying and composing man teachers’ and woman teachers’ interests in giving topics to students and recognizing boys and girls in composition writing as well as checking and priorizing the twelve major objectives prepared for compositions by experts and fifth-graders’ teachers, revealed considerable differences and contradictions between these and teachers’ action which is worthy of official attention.