مجله مطالعات روانشناسی تربیتی
پیاپی 15 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Different studies have shown that there is a meaningful relationship between utterance length in terms of the number of syllables, morphemes and words in each utterance and the occurrence of stuttering in pre-school children who stutter. Therefore, it seems that the increase or decrease of the utterance length variables causes the increase or decrease of frequency of stuttering in these children. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of utterance length on the frequency of stuttering occurrence based on the mean length of utterance in terms of the number of syllables, morphemes and words. The Subjects of the research composed of 15 Persian stuttering children, including 12 boys and 3 girls, age ranging from 4 to 6 years. In order to carry out the research, a 30 minute spontaneous speech sample produced by each of the stuttering children was recorded. The children produced 60 utterances during a verbal interaction with speech therapist, parents (mother or father) or the researcher. In this study, the data were only analyzed as groups and rather than individuals. This group analysis displayed significant differences between fluent and stuttered utterances in regard with the length of the utterance. The findings of the research show that, in the speech of Persian speaking children who stutter, there is a meaningful relationship between the mean length of utterance (in accordance with syllable, morpheme and word) and the frequency of stuttering. In other words, the relationship between the utterance length and the frequency of stuttering is meaningful.

Happiness is one of the basic human emotions that were mentioned by philosophers, researchers and scientists in during the years. The present study was conducted to investigate level of cognition and knowledge and the effectiveness of happiness program education of Fordyce on happy degree. The method is interventional. Sample of 80 individuals of martyrs’ and veterans’ families of Shahrekord was selected by available sampling method. The data was gathered by standardized Fordyce inquire. Data was analyzed by using the deductive methods of analysis of variance and t - test. Results of analysis of variance showed that level of education can effect on happiness score. Analysis of variance revealed that cognition and knowledge can raise level of individual happiness. Comparing experimental and control groups in happy score, the T-test showed significant difference between these groups. The results of experimental phase showed that training variables and changing the attitudes can enhance the rate of happiness in the individuals.

The aim of this research was to evaluate validity and reliability of one and two factorial structure of Rosenberg self-esteem scale in students. The statistical population of this research consisted of all students in Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz city, from which 660 subjects were selected with multi–ph University of Sistan and Baluchestan asic random sampling. And more over, effect of item wording and response bias set were planned to be investigated on factorial structure of Rosenberg self-esteem scale. With regard to the aims of this research, three different questionnaires with different item wording (all items positive, all items negative and half positive and half negative) were distributed randomly to subjects. Among the samples, 218 students positively, 214 students negatively and 209 students half positively and half negatively replied to the questionnaire. The results of structural equation modeling (three separate confirmatory factor analysis) which was carried out with AMOS 16, showed a good fitness only in form of half positive and half negative item wording. No fitness was found in any other forms of the scale. Therefore, two factorial structure of this scale in this research was consistent with some studies.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Academic self-efficacy and cognitive exhaustion on cognitive problem solving. The sampling population was the first grade high school students at the city of Sarayan. They were 120 students whom were chosen amongst 450 students answered to the questionnaire of Academic self-efficacy. The scores of the student were one standard deviation less than the average. They were randomly divided into eight groups: experiment and control group, each including 15 students. The experiment consisted of two phases: In the first phase, students were exposed to cognitive problems: experimental group with unsolvable problems and control group with solvable problems. Then all students were exposed to cognitive problems to compare groups. Data were analyzed by two way analyses of variance. Results indicated that academic self-efficacy and cognitive exhaustion have significant effect on solving cognitive problems of students, While gender of students dose not have significant effect on solving cognitive problems. Findings also revealed that there is no significant interaction effect of academic self-efficacy and gender, interaction effect of cognitive exhaustion and gender, interaction effect of academic self-efficacy and cognitive exhaustion and interaction effect of academic self-efficacy, cognitive exhaustion and gender on problem solving performance of students. Therefore in order to findings of the present research, for study of student's performance in problem solving situation, it looks necessary to concentrate on the role of Academic self-efficacy and cognitive exhaustion variables.

Purpose of the present study was to comparison study Personality characteristics among opium, heroin drug dependency, smoking and non-smoking participants in Marvdasht. In this retrospective study, 50 opioid dependent, 50 heroine drug dependency participants were selected by purposive method and, 50 smoking and 50 non-smoking individuals, who were matched on the basis of age and education with drug dependency participants were selected by random sampling method, and assessed using the questionnaire of the Neo personality five agents. The five hypotheses were tested by multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that there were significant differences between four groups with respect to personality types (neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness), except for agreeableness. These findings indicated that personality types are different among four groups (non-smoking, smoking, opium-heroine drug dependency).

This study was conducted to examine of the Effectiveness of the optimistic skills group training on emotional intelligence in boys of Kerman Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center. In this study, a Qusi-experimental method with the design of two groups, random assignment, and pretest and posttest was used. The research instrument was the Emotional Intelligence questionnaire that its validity and Reliability were acceptable. The subjects were 60 adolescents that were selected from the boys of Kerman Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center. The participants were matched in two groups. The groups were assigned in the control and experimental groups, randomly. According to Seligman view, the experimental treatment was conducted on the experimental group during 10 sessions. One month after end of treatment sessions, the post test was administrated. Statistical analysis was conducted by t-test. The Results showed that with the optimistic skills group training influence on enhancement of emotional intelligence of the experimental group significantly more than control group. Therefore it is suggested that the optimism skills group training inserted in the training programs of the Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center.

The purpose of this research is to recognize the effect of knowledge and literacy on mothers’ attitude about their teenagers’ social training. In the present research the comparative-casual and measurable method is used and the mentioned society includes all of the mothers who had participated in a literacy campaign courses such as preliminary, complementary and conclusive and have the teenagers who were from 12to 16years old. The instruments of research are made of researcher’s questionnaire. This questionnaire is distributed between the sample people of research in 1385. These people include mothers who had cooperated with performing the questionnaire and were chosen with the cluster sampling method; and the number of them has been 345 in each 3courses. For analyzing the collected information, used the correlation of coefficient Pearson, one factor analysis of variance, Khido and Tukey’s following test and obtained results showed that there is a direct relation between knowledge and literacy about teenagers’ social training(P<./.1). The achievement of increasing new-literacy mothers’ knowledge is consists of applying information and obtaining knowledge for training children. The process of applying mothers’ knowledge for training children means that knowledge has changed the aspects of attitude about their training’s function and also the attitudes is affected on mothers’ function for training of their children.