فهرست مطالب

ره نامه سیاستگذاری سیاسی، دفاعی و امنیتی - سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1390)

ره نامه سیاستگذاری سیاسی، دفاعی و امنیتی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1390)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1390/10/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Mojtaba Maghsoudi, Gholamreza Ebrahimabadi Page 9
    The augmentation of the Parliamentary District Elections with the provincial electoral check has been one of the most controversial issues of the past recent years. First proposed in 1989, this issue has received mixed reactions from critics and representatives of various factions inside the legislative body of the country. However, despite nearly long history of its continued discussions, this scheme has been unable to gain momentum in being changed into law due to its overall Inconsistency with the general principals of democracy and decentralization. Critics believe that such a scheme may open the way to the possible electoral dictatorship or end up with low turn out in parliamentary elections. This article is an attempt in examining in a descriptive-analytic way one of the most important aspects of this scheme, namely its relationship with ‘the representation's responsibility' of the MPs.
    Keywords: Elections, Provincial electoral check on the parliamentary elections, Parliament, representation, Election constituency
  • Reza Masoumiraad Page 27
    Literature review on the theory of social capital shows that the main goal of pioneers of this theory has been making public policy makers aware of the fact that without the role played by the social networks and the interactions taken place at the grassroots level, it would be extremely difficult to push forward developmental programs. In other words, attaining a balanced and sustainable development would be the outcome of designing programs and policies deeply rooted in the culture and other characteristics of the land of policy making. As in this way, social cohesion, cooperation and participation of the public for the realization of targeted policy objectives would be attained and strong social connectedness between the people and government of a country would be possible. The assessment of past long and medium term programs shows that one of the main reasons for the failure of some public policies and programs has been due to the lack of social consensus and social agreement over the program's specific objectives. Having this in mind, the current paper tries to utilize the concept of social capital in order to analyze and assess Iran's recent macro policies and developmental programs.
    Keywords: Policy, social capital, development, sustainable development, national cohesion, social capital
  • Mohammad Ali Heydari, Hamid Rahnavard Page 57
    Putting the history of Afghanistan in the past two centuries at perspective, one may realize that the nation-state building process has always been challenged by the extensive social, cultural, political and economic obstacles. Nation-state building is indeed an effort to shape social beliefsystems, traditions and values in a territory for the purpose of defining common identity and national preferences and interests, needed for further progress and development. The fact of the matter is that special geographical particulars of Afghanistan along with presence of foreign powers in the north and the south of country and tribe's resistance against the domination of foreign forces are among the variables which prevent the establishment of a powerful central government. In other words, rigid structures of tribal and religious values in a pluralistic society of Afghanistan made it nearly impossible to concentrate the power in a ruling person in capital Kabul. This is also augmented by the imposition of Western-style democracy, especially that which is promoted by the US without paying sufficient attention to the traditional characteristics of social life in Afghanistan. Hence, rising political and military tensions would be a destined outcome in the coming years.
    Keywords: Afghanistan, Identity, Building, Nation, State Building, Ethnicity, Tribe
  • Ali Ahmadi, Mohammad Zare Page 83
    The rise of China is one of the most astonishing changes in the international sphere after the demise of the Soviet Union in 1989. China's increasing influence over international affairs and its gradual move toward obtaining the status of a great power seems to undermine much of the future changes in the global power structure and pose many questions and concerns over future of china and its interaction with other regional and international players, especially the United States as a world hegemonic power. This paper has in mind to investigate the rise of china and American's reactions and concerns based on the balance of power theory.
    Keywords: Soft balance, hard balance, Typology of balance, International politics, Strategic action
  • Ali Akbar Asadi Page 105
    Qatar tries to play a considerable role in the recent popular uprisings of the MENA region and the new developments taken place in the Arab world. It has an ambition to upgrade its influence in the MENA region to reach the role played by core regional players such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia. This paper tries to consider this question and see that whether Qatar has the potentials to play a stable and permanent role in the Arab world affairs and in doing so what limitations it may faceto? The paper believes that Qatar`s strategic relations with the West and its economic advantages along with soft power it gained may create good points for playing an effective role. Nevertheless, Qatar's dependency in foreign policy, lack of constant principals and contradiction in its orientation in foreign policy joined with weaknesses in the domain of hard power, are impediments that prevent Qatar from transforming its short term role playing in the region into a permanent regional role and influence.
    Keywords: popular uprising, Arab world, Qatar, foreign policy, small state
  • Allahrahm Heydari, Halimeh Enayate, Majid Movahed Page 125
    Security or insecurity in any era is a function of the quality of social life. In modern time, states were both the reference and the source of security of human beings. In the most recent time, globalization seems to have exerted a huge impact on the integrity of nation-states and everyday life of citizens all throughout the world. Hence, a major consequence has been the change in the citizen's feeling and attitude about political security. This paper, looking from the window of globalization of culture and utilizing a survey method, tries to investigate the relationship between globalization and the feeling of political security in the youth of the city of Shiraz. Our findings reveal that respondent's attitude towards women's human rights and their social-cultural alienation have played the most negative role in the change of the structure of their feeling towards political security.
    Keywords: Globalization, culture, political security, Shiraz, the youth
  • Fatimah Abaee Page 157
    This article tries to answer a question: Is it possible to create democracy in the Middle East? It seems that for a half of century the Middle East was silent in this respect under the totalitarian rulers and despotic pressures and waited a person to burn himself in the public and demand for democracy. But the fact of the matter is that the downfall of regional dictators does not suffice to help the dream of democracy come true for millions of young Egyptians, Libyans, Tunisians, Jordanians, Bahrainis and. ... Democracy nowadays was known both by citizens and intellectuals as well as governments to be a relevant option. Middle East is in transition to democracy. Some theorists such as Philippe C. Schmeltzer and Terry Lynn Karl believe that with the revolution from below it would not be possible to pass the transition into democracy. Hence, democracy needs reform from the above. Although, prediction about the future of democracy in the Middle East would be difficult as the influence of external forces will not be more than that of international forces, however, a new Middle East embodying the fourth wave of democracy may be in rise.
    Keywords: The fourth wave of democracy, formal democracy, authoritarianism, illegitimacy