پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 12، زمستان 1389)

Nowadays, Security and development cannot exist without each other, i.e. without security, operations of development and investment, welfare, promotion of culture and economic level will be impossible; and if there is no development, there will be no sustainable security. If security becomes realized with military, disciplinary and/or intelligence power, it will be very fragile. Thus, development complements security in order to create sustainable and public security, but if security is provided at any region without considering geographical elements, such security will undoubtedly not be completed and be ruined with the smallest crisis. In fact, geography is a metaphor of politics, and many decisions taken by politicians have been made according to the geographical conditions and are based on geographical status of their countries. To put it better, political decisions are made in a geographical environment and a picture of political units is therefore provided by geographers. No politician has been able to come up with desirable and suitable solutions in the face of global, regional and/or local issues without enjoying an overview of geopolitics. This more applies to Iran, which has special, unique geographical conditions (particularly in the southeastern region). As a matter of fact, any security and disciplinary strategy adopted at this region without taking into account geographical elements will prove inefficient. This paper examines and assesses three hypotheses, and the intended data have been gathered using library research and analyzed with the descriptive – analytical method.

Empowerment is defined by many experts as motivating the employees to participate in making decisions which influence their activities. That is, to empower the staff, an atmosphere should be created in which they can develop and materialize worthwhile ideas. Organizational culture, as an entity shaped by policies and approaches of the senior managers in an organization, can play an important role in employee empowerment programs. The main objective of this piece of research is to study the impact of organizational culture and its constituent elements on empowerment of detectives in Tehran Metropolitan Police (TMP) Criminal Investigations BureauDepartment. Methods and Materials: The study employed the survey method and its sample consisted of TMP detectives and assistant detectives. Considering the limited number of our participants (n=80), the entire population were was interviewed. The instruments included two standard questionnaires, i.e. Denison Organizational Culture Survey and the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, whose the validity and reliability of which have already been established. Findings of the study proved that the four elements, that is, involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission have an effect on empowerment of detectives in TMP. Freedman's test analysis showed that among the elements, mission has the highest and adaptability has the lowest effects on empowerment of TMP detectives. Increasing involvement in organizational affairs, increasing consistency in organizational activities, raising the level of internal and external adaptability and clarifying the organizational mission will improve the employees’ empowerment whilst carrying out organizational tasks. Participative management is a facilitator of the empowerment process.

Trust is the basis of for many interactions in human societies;, either interpersonal or social communications. Many factors such as lack of social capital, the influence of critical media and decrease or lack of accountability in public institutions has have diminished public trust to in the government and its organizations. But there are many evidences show is much evidence suggesting that strategic environmental variables such as social trust in society may be effective on in the current situation. In this article, we first study trust literature carry out a review of the literature related to trust firstly and then evaluate the effect of strategic environmental factors in increase or decrease of political trust. Thus, the purpose of this article is the to study and explaining explain the role of strategic environmental factors in public trust to in governments. We use descriptive method (survey research).Descriptive (survey) has been adopted in the study. Data are have been gathered with using questionnaires and analyzed with LISREL and SPSS softwares software programs. Our statistical sample has been selected from among the research community population, that formed from among the Public public and private organizations in Tehran. As the role of strategic environmental factors in political trust has remained neglected, this article try tries to emphasize this important role and suggests a developed model for strategic environmental variables that effect affects political trust in Iran. Hence, the article can help to improve and complete the boundary boundaries of knowledge in the relevant areas.

Trust is the basis of for many interactions in human societies;, either interpersonal or social communications. Many factors such as lack of social capital, the influence of critical media and decrease or lack of accountability in public institutions has have diminished public trust to in the government and its organizations. But there are many evidences show is much evidence suggesting that strategic environmental variables such as social trust in society may be effective on in the current situation. In this article, we first study trust literature carry out a review of the literature related to trust firstly and then evaluate the effect of strategic environmental factors in increase or decrease of political trust. Thus, the purpose of this article is the to study and explaining explain the role of strategic environmental factors in public trust to in governments. We use descriptive method (survey research).Descriptive (survey) has been adopted in the study. Data are have been gathered with using questionnaires and analyzed with LISREL and SPSS softwares software programs. Our statistical sample has been selected from among the research community population, that formed from among the Public public and private organizations in Tehran. As the role of strategic environmental factors in political trust has remained neglected, this article try tries to emphasize this important role and suggests a developed model for strategic environmental variables that effect affects political trust in Iran. Hence, the article can help to improve and complete the boundary boundaries of knowledge in the relevant areas. Keywords: Trust, Society, Political Trust trust, Strategic environmental factors. Police's Controlling Social Disturbances from the Press ViewpointM. Dastmalchi AbstractPolice performance in social disturbances is always receiving attention or, in other words, people would survey and criticize the crisis managing management at this organization, which is responsible for the socially place and security in disturbanceproviding social security and fighting against disturbances, especiallyin university student disturbance receives attention among university students, which is enlisting much attention. Since literatures are is one of characteristics of people's interactions with organizations and, on the other hand, literature are is considered as representation of public thoughts representative, at in this piece of research, among widespread newspapers,some has been selected which has been represented different political views in their times and the included messages about Tehran university student disturbance controlled by police have been extracted and evaluated in two definite points in 1999 and 2003 some of those representing diverse political views in their times and including stories and articles about the University of Tehran student disturbances controlled by the police have been extracted and evaluated at two specific points in 1999 and 2003. Finally, findings show that newspaper's views at the abovementioned points had been different with police management, and consequently the police performance has been effective in literatures views views of the literature.

Today no one can deny the role of automobiles in human life. Increasing number of automobiles, weak road structures, crowded cities, misused misuse of vehicles, and defying traffic rules have all created a large number of problems for the governments. The average 25000 death rate and 250/000 caualties casualties are amony among such problems. The present stady study aims at investigating the training methods of traffic rules and regulations for students of the following countries: Netherland, Germany, the Uk UK, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway.

Knowledge generation, in the current era, has a communicative nature, which is considered as organizations’ competitive advantage. Volume of galloping social changes has made organizations face with various challenges. Therefore, identifying challenges ahead of timely reforms, proportionate with the changes to comply with today’s turbulent and complex circumstances are considering the requirement for the survival of specialized organizations. The present paper mainly aims at identifying major challenges of knowledge generation in Iran while emphasizing a scientific communications, especially inter-organizational scientific relation and its importance in IRI Police (IRIP). The present paper is of review type, based on documentary and library methods while relying on analytical, deductive and inductive approaches and secondary data. The most important challenges ahead of knowledge generation are: lack of sufficient scientific relations and interaction in different levels, cultural impediments, weakness of culture of scientific society, lack of required and optimized relations between staff and command, knowledge hierarchy and its division, etc. It seems that knowledge generation challenges in on a big scale in the society, affects IRIP as one of specialized and complicated organizations in the middle level. Therefore, it is essential for IRIP to take rational measures to respond to the challenges properly. In the meantime, strengthening communicative infrastructures and developmental communication, and expansion of mutual communication inside and outside organizations, especially facilitating IRIP scientific relations with other organizations and scientific and collegiate centers to generate and develop policing science, and its application for organizational elevation and constant improvement of police’s performance and services, and maintaining fair social order and dynamism should be followed by IRIP.

This research study investigates girls’ runaway escaping in Hamadan city. The purpose of this piece of research is to understanding psychological characters characteristics and background factors witch which are associated with the escape from home in girls girl's escaping from home in the city of Hamden Hamadan. 50 girls (in the State Welfare Organization and the Center for Combating corruption whom were choose by convenience sampling and50 ordinary girls from high school students in Hamadan whom were choose by simple random sampling asked demographic and SCL90 questionnaires 50 girls from among those residing at the State Welfare Organization and the Center for Combating Corruption were selected using the convenience sampling method and 50 ordinary girls were chosen using the simple random sampling method from among the students in Hamadan city and were asked to complete demographic and SCL 90 questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using discriminate analysis. All variables except for parental educational style and age, predict volatile girls.