پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، پاییز 1388)

The purpose of author in this article was to know how cooperation in criminal organization is, how they identify their members, what rules they have got, what factors cause criminal to do these crimes, why police are unsuccessful to deal with criminal organization, and what is the reason that criminal organizations are powerful. To answer these questions, we should know about criminal organization, because criminal organization follow crime as a way of living and sometimes they assume that they are apart from society and behave with each other and with group member friendly. They do most of their criminal activities in relate to other countries and without cooperation of other countries battle against criminal organization is impossible. But, unfortunately different countries have got different legislation system against criminal organization. So, criminal organization can use these gallops to escape from investigations and law in the case of commitment to crime.

In this paper which has been developed based on several related foreign articles, the nature and definition of doctrine are presented.Previous studies indicate that doctrine has its origin in individual's thoughts and worldview conceptualizing in the form of theory. However, doctrine could be classified into two types, that is, personal and organizational. The article gives a clear description of these two doctrines. It has also been explained that military doctrine might be divided into three categories, namely force, joint and combined doctrines with three levels of strategic, operational and tactical. In conclusion, our discussion leads to a five-step method for developing an effective military doctrine.

During recent decades, spatial analysis of crime and identifying the spatial factors of crime occurrence has been emphasized. Using statistical and graphic models and tests and also Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the appropriate methods of crime analysis in urban areas. This study is based on analytic-comparative method and the essential data has been collected through documentary and survey methods. All the violence, fight and brawl crimes which are occurred in Zanjan city during a year have been examined in this study. The spatial patterns of crime distribution in Zanjan city have been identified by using some statistical methods including: Mean Center, Standard Deviation Ellipse, Tests for Clustering, Nearest Neighborhood Index (NNI) and Quartic Kernel Density Estimation. The results of this study showed that spatial distributions of these crimes in Zanjan city are significantly clustered suggesting the existence of hot spots and cool spots in the city area. In order to improv security and reducing crime in these areas, these suggestions should be considered as a priority for people in charge of urban management as listed: Allocating some essential urban services in Bisim area and making balance in the type and composition of urban land use, locating and building police station in the Bisim area in order to increase formal surveillance and at least focusing on economical, social and cultural preventive efforts in this part of city.

Police operations with society pivoted is one of the theoretical models of police strategy which in recent years is shifting to the efficiency and effective model in policing process. The reflection of policing philosophy with society pivoted is appeared and police services are defined in according to the people expectations and social organizations. This research is an applied research that has tested the social role of police in policing new models theory with society pivoted and its role in changing and presenting of police functions and its influence to the family security fleeing and the main effort of this research is presenting the social role of police in strengthening of relation between police and families with keeping of police governmental authority and police sourcing. Statistical society comprised all the families living in north of Tehran. The collected data were analyzed and it was found that there is a meaningful relationship between the social role of police and families security. This will be discussed in more detail in this paper.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of birth order and attachment style in dependence of drug between people who referred treatment drug abuse centers in Kerman city. A sample of 100 addicted persons (60 men, 40 women) and 100 none addicted persons (60 men, 40 women) that gained the score bellow 23 in GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) were included in this study. The research theories were studied using Simpson attachment style Questionnaire and Ex Post facto method. Analysis of the data by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that 71% OF people who used drug were middle child of family and people who had avoidant and ambivalent attachment style were more than who had secure attachment style. The gender had no effect on deference between attachment styles in people who used drug and people who didnt use it. In addition, there was a significant difference between the attachment style of people who used drug and didn’t use it.

Mass media have double role in societies. On the one hand they change and threat social textures of society by arousal also add social disorders, on the other hand they can avoid from making of social gaps by correct management. Western Azarbayjan province has the most effect media because it has joint border with three republic countries such as Nakhjavan, Turkey & Iraq. Here, we need internal media for increasing security of borders, control and environment management, social and political socialization, correlation among various components of society, national convergency, support of social norms and so on. Mass media can have important role in the process of social and cultural necessities (which originate from precipitance of history in our age). They can intensify social development and correlation by religious, national, cultural and historical links. It is obvious that in a coordinated system of media has been considered solidarity and stability of development, making of national convergency and stable security and strengthening of social security. The goal of this article was to study of mass media role in making national convergency and stable security (by emphasis on the role of province media in western Azarbayjan in making convergency among borderers of this province). The rate of this effectiveness has answered by expertists of borderer. The results indicate that (a) there is a relationship between TV and convergency of four factors such as socialization, strengthening of convergency and avoidance of divergence, strengthening of national and Islamic values, (b) there is a relationship between Radio and two factors such as strengthening of national and Islamic values, (c) there is not any relationship between Newspapers and Magazines and four abovementioned factors, (d) the mass media have the most effect on Salma’s people and the least effect on Piranshahr’s people, (e) the preparing and broadcasting of Police films and serials and reports of border events has the most effect among various programmes of mass media of western Azarbayjan.

One of the problems of the present societies is the uneven development of economic sectors, geographical, urban and rural regions and other cultural, social and political structures of the society and accordingly failure to meet the requirements and requests of the main part of a society; and such a situation bring about different problems and issues. This study is an excerpt of a research on this issue and deals with the social elements affecting goods contrabanding in Iran. First, the theoretical section of the study makes use of some the relevant theories to compile some hypotheses; and then in the experimental section, the researcher makes a durable questionnaire with Kronbach Alfa (92/23) and collects information from sample population with the size of 100 persons. The results of the research imply the effect of uneven socio-economic development on social variables such as social dependency and negative attitude of the smugglers on the one hand and the effect of social variables (increased negative attitudes, decreased social dependency, decreased social commitment and increased value confliction) on the repetition of goods contrabanding and finally, confirmation of the main hypothesis based on the effect of uneven socio-economic development on iteration of goods conterbanding by smugglers. Actions such as just distribution of facilities and opportunities among different sectors and areas in the country, equal exercise of regulations for all, the religious leader's emphasis on illegitimacy of contrabanded goods, increased social and prestige aspects of punishments, improved ties between people and government constitute part of comments of the researcher on decreased goods contrabanding in Iran.